Chapter 3 Flashcards
(40 cards)
members of a diagnostic category may differ in degree to which they represent the concepts underlying the category
the prototype model
“the process by which any human condition
considered problematic comes to be viewed through a medical lens and become the object of medical study, treatment, diagnosis, or prevention (Conrad, 1975; Illich, 1975)”
Medicalisation
the usefulness of the resulting classification scheme
utility
what is inter-rater reliability
conclusions/findings are consistent among researchers
the impairment resulting from a disorder must be involuntary or not readily controlled
dyscontrol
what were the 5 axis of the multi-axial system in the DSM III
- mental health and substance use disorders
- personality disorders and mental retardation (now intellectual development disorder)
- general medical conditions
- psychosocial and environmental problems
- global assessment of functioning
what is comorbidity
when someone meets the criteria for two or more disorders at a specific point in time
what are the potential drawbacks of diagnosis
stigmatisation, and potential for inaccurate diagnosis leading to harmful or inappropriate treatment for their condition
what is the research domain criteria (RDoC)
designed to integrate data from biochemical, cognitive, and self-report levels to advance research on mental disorders
what is the trend of depressive symptoms by age that Sutin et al. found
Theyre highest in young adulthood, decrease in middle adulthood, and then rise again in older adults
the result of applying the decision-making rules of a diagnostic system to the symptoms of a specific individual
Diagnosis
A perspective, or viewpoint, on psychopathology that emphasizes risk factors, protective factors, and other elements that contribute to and/or prevent the development of mental disorders across the lifespan
developmental psychopathology
a classification used to organise and understand diseases and disorders
diagnostic system
what is the ASEBA (Achenback System of Empirically Based Assessment)
a family of assessment tools that are used to measure competence and problems (internalising and externalising) across the lifespan
the extent to which the principals used in classifying an entity are effective in capturing the nature of the entity
classification validity
a framework for understanding problem behaviour in relation to the milestones that are specific to each stage of development
developmental psychopathology
classification may be based on a dimensional approach which means that:
it focuses on quantitative differences under the assumption that all entities can have varying degrees of membership to a category (like weight or height)
mental disorders are usually associated with:
significant distress or disability in social, occupational, or other important activities
what is the difference between the DSM and the ICD
the DSM is mental stuff, the ICD is every disease/disorder
who was the child psychopathology research who gathered info about childrens difficulties and then used factor analysis to see what symptoms tend to co-occur
Thomas Achenbach
what is on large issue with any diagnostic system
the issue of inter-rater reliability (or lack thereof)
which DSM edition had the least impact on treatment of disorders
the first one because there was mostly just psychoanalysis at the time
classification may be based on a categorical approach which means that:
an entity is either a member of a category or not. lightswitch. on or off, no inbetween
behaviours like yelling, stealing, aggression
externalising problems
