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Clinical Psych > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is external vvalidity

A

whether or not findings are generalisable

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2
Q

what is measurement validity

A

how much a measurement tool actually measures what it is supposed to

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3
Q

whats the difference between a systematic review and a meta analysis

A

in a systematic review it is solely looking at what the research says. a meta analysis goes beyond that and examines the data in the research

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4
Q

the extent to which the measure overtly appears to be measuring the construct of interest

A

face validity

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5
Q

what are the two psychometric properties of a measurement tool

A

reliability and validity

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6
Q

how does a researcher develop an idea

A

either something theyre interested in or finding the academic gap

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7
Q

are the results of a
magnitude that they represent a
meaningful difference in participants
quality of life and/or daily functioning?

A

clinical significance

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8
Q

examines the association between variables

A

correlational research designs

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9
Q

the extent to which the results of a study are accurate and valid based on the type of statistical procedures used in the research

A

statistical conclusion validity

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10
Q

what are the 7 main threats to internal validity

A
  1. history
  2. maturation
  3. testing
  4. instrumentation
  5. statistical regression
  6. selection bias
  7. attrition
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11
Q

what are the two types of validity

A

internal validity and external validity

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12
Q

what is test-retest reliability

A

the stability over time of scores on a measure

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13
Q

what are the two main types of sampling

A

probability and non-probability

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14
Q

the degree to which elements of the measure are homogenous and measure the same thing

A

internal consistency

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15
Q

what are the five main threats to external validity

A
  1. sample characteristics
  2. stimulus characteristics
  3. reactivity of research arrangements
  4. reactivity of assessment
  5. timing of measurement
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16
Q

what are the six types of research designs

A
  1. case study
  2. single subject design
  3. correlational designs
  4. quasi experimental designs
  5. experimental
  6. meta analysis
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17
Q

what is a moderator

A

something that changes the relationship between two variables based on the level of the moderator

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18
Q

rater evaluations

A

info about participant is gathered from others who know the individual

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19
Q

what is a mediator

A

something that completely explains the relationship between two variables

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20
Q

is there researcher manipulation in correlational research

A

no, all participants experience the same study conditions

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21
Q

what is reliability

A

the consistency of a measurement tool -> how much it yields the same results if used again

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22
Q

what is inter-rater reliability

A

different people conducting the measurement getting the same results

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23
Q

the consistency of scores on a measure across different raters or observers

A

inter-rater reliability

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24
Q

a variable that influences the strength of relation between a predictor variable and a criterion variable

25
a comprehensive statistical procedure that involves testing all components of a theoretical model
structural equation modelling
26
what are the two main ways to do research synthesis
1. systematic review 2. meta analysis
27
what is probability sampling
random. each participant has equal chance to be included
28
an experiment in which research participants are randomly assigned to one of two or more treatment conditions
randomised controlled trials
29
Follows steps of systematic review and then extracts and analyses the data
meta analysis
30
who originally conceptualised the problems we classify as threatening internal, external, and statistical conclusion validity
donald campbell
31
what is internal validity
being confident that your results are due to what you have manipulated/the variable you are studying
32
in a single subjects design, what does the A signify
the baseline level of behaviour with no intervention
33
what are the types of a single subject design
an AB design, an ABAB design, and a multiple baseline design
34
recommendations are accepted because the person delivering them is seen as an expert
eminence based practice
35
whats the difference between a quasi experimental design and an experimental design
quasi experiments do have researcher manipulation, however there is no random assignment to conditions (generally because there is an innate characteristic that cannot be randomised)
36
what are the two types of measurement validity
1. content validity 2. face validity
37
who developed the statistical work used in tools to help researchers determine optimal number of participants
jacob cohen
38
when is a case study used
generally with new phenomena
39
what are the six types of measurement tools
1. self report 2. rating by someone who knows the individual 3. interviews 4. performance on psychological test 5. projective measures 6. archival data (school reports etc)
40
Basing decisions on replicated research findings wherever possible
Evidence based practice
41
whats the difference between statistical significance and clinical significance
statistical significance is concerned with if the difference is real, clinical significance is concerned with if the difference even matters
42
in a single subjects design, what does the B signify
the level of behaviour WITH intervention
43
what is the reliable change index
determines whether a participants pre treatment and post treatment change is greater than would be expected as a result of measurement error
44
whats a single subject design
systematic repeated assessment of behaviour over time where the subject is their own control group
45
using a systematic and explicit set of methods to identify, select, and critically appraise research studies
systematic review
46
what is the difference between a mediator and a moderator
a moderator changes the relationship, a mediator explains the relationship
47
the extent to which the measure fully and accurately represents all elements of the construct being assessed
content validity
48
what did neil jacobson do
he and colleagues developed the reliable change index
49
Involves an intensive, anecdotal, observation and analysis of an individual
case study design
50
whats the difference between a single subject design and a case study
case studies are more descriptive, where as a single subject design involves manipulation of some kind
51
whats the difference between content validity and face validity
face validity is just how it looks, content validity is looking deeper into the pieces of the measure
52
what is eminence based practice
based on tradition and authority
53
what are the three types of reliability
1. internal consistency 2. test-retest reliability 3. inter-rater reliability
54
indicates that the observed difference is likely a real one and not just obtained by chance
statistical significance
55
a variable that explains the mechanism by which a predictor variable influences a criterion variable
mediator
56
what is non-probability sampling
convenience/volunteer sampling etc where there isnt equal chance for everyone
57
participant completes a questionnaire describing some aspect of themselves
self report measures
58
a standardised metric that allows the results of research studies to be combined and analysed
effect size
59
Both random assignment to conditions AND experimental manipulation
experimental design

Clinical Psych (8 decks)

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