Chapter 3 Flashcards
(41 cards)
is a branch of applied microbiology that involves the use of microorganisms for large-scale production of valuable products, including pharmaceuticals, enzymes, organic acids, biofuels, and fermented food
industrial microbiology
this field has revolutionized industries such as pharmaceuticals, agriculture, environmental management and food production
Industrial microbiology
the applications of industrial microbiology have grown rapidly, particularly with the advent of (3)
genetic engineering, synthetic biology, and bioprocess optimization
19th cent: ___’s discovery of microbial fermentation
Louis Pasteur
20th cent: ___’s discovery of penecillin
Alexander Flemming
____: use of genetically engineered microbes in biotech
modern era
___: fermentation for making beer, wine, and bread
Ancient times
scope of microbiology (10)
-Food microbio
-Medical and pharmaceutical
-vaccine and immunology
-agriculture
-genetic engineering
-biochemistry and physiology
-industries
-geochemical application
-exomicrobiology
-ecology and environmental application
fermentation of dairy product: 2
brewing beer:
acetic acid bacteria (vinegar production):
fermentation of dairy product: lactobacillus bulgaricus; streptococcus thermophilus
brewing beer: saccharomyces cerevisiae
acetic acid bacteria (vinegar production): acetobacter aceti
biofertilizer:
____- nitrogen fixation in legumes
____-growth promotion in cereals
rhizobium;
azospirillum
____ produces insecticidal proteins for pest control
bacillus thuringiensis
biodegradation:
____ used in oil spill cleanup
pseudomonas putida
bioremediation:
heavy metals removal by ___
shewanella oneidensis
biofules:
ethanol from ___, biodiesel from ____
saccharomyces cerevisiae;
microalgae
microorganisms used in industrial processes (criteria/qualities): 5
- high product yield
- growth rate
- genetic stability
- non-pathogenicity
- tolerance to industrial conditions
industrial technique where microorganisms grow in a closed system with a fixed amount of nutrients
batch fermentation
batch fermentation phases: 4
lag, log, stationary and decline phases
types of fermentation
continuous;
fed-batch;
type of fermentation where fresh nutrients are continuously supplied while the end product is removed; allows constant production without downtime
continuous fermentation
example of continuous fermentation
ethanol production using s. cerevisiae
a hybrid batch and continuous methods where nutrients are added incrementally; prevents substrate inhibition and enhances microbial productivity
fed-batch fermentation
example of fed-batch fermentation
insulin production in genetically engineered e.coli
types of bioreactors used in industrial fermentation (5)
stirred-tank bioreactor;
air-lift bioreactor
packed bed bioreactor
submerged fermentation
solid-state fermentation
type of bioreactor:
used in enzyme and antibiotic production
stirred-tank bioreactor
