Intro to special topics Flashcards by Jasmine

Engineering biological systems for applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry;

CRISPR gene editing and designer organisms

Synthetic Biology

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Understanding biological complexity through computational models

The integration of genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics

Systems Biology

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Studying the impact of climate change on ecosystems

Conservation biology and ecological restoration

Environmental and Climate Biology

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Advances in brain mapping and artificial intelligence

Use of big data in neuroscience and genomics

Neurobiology and Bioinformatics

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How physical principles govern biological processes

Applications in medical devices and prosthetics

Biophysics and Biomechanics

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____has revolutionized biological research, enabling discoveries that were once
impossible

Technology

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key technological influences include: 5

-Genomic and Molecular Technologies
-Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Biology
- Biotechnology in Agriculture and Medicine
-Imaging and Microscopy Innovations
- Lab Automation and Robotics

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Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and personalized medicine

CRISPR and gene therapy advancements

Genomic and Molecular Technologies

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Predictive modeling for drug discovery

AI-driven diagnostics in medicine

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Biology

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Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) for sustainable agriculture

Biopharmaceuticals and vaccine development

Biotechnology in Agriculture and Medicine

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Super-resolution microscopy for cellular biology

AI-powered medical imaging

Imaging and Microscopy Innovations

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High-throughput screening in drug research

Robotic-assisted surgeries

Lab Automation and Robotics

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____ is an advanced field that involves designing and engineering biological
systems to create new or improved functions. It is widely used in (3)

Synthetic biology;
medicine, energy
production, and agriculture

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Key Areas of Synthetic Biology (3)

CRISPR and Gene Editing
Designer Microorganisms
Artificial Cells:

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The ability to modify DNA with precision using____ has revolutionized genetics, enabling treatments for genetic disorders.

CRISPR-Cas9
technology

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Scientists engineer bacteria and yeast to produce biofuels,
pharmaceuticals, and biodegradable plastics.

Designer Microorganisms:

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Researchers are working on constructing synthetic cells that mimic natural
biological functions and may lead to novel treatments for diseases.

Artificial Cells:

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____ focuses on understanding complex interactions within biological systems
using computational and mathematical models. This field enables scientists to study entire
biological networks rather than isolated parts.

Systems biology

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Key Applications of Systems Biology (3)

Disease Modeling
Multi-Omics Approaches:
Computational Biology:

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Simulating biological pathways to predict disease progression and responses
to treatments

Disease Modeling:

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Combining genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and
transcriptomics to get a holistic view of living organisms.

Multi-Omics Approaches:

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Using computer algorithms to analyze large datasets from DNA
sequencing and protein interactions.

Computational Biology:

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plays a critical role in conservation and sustainability efforts.

environmental
biology

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Important Topics in Environmental Biology (3)

Climate Change Impact on Biodiversity;
Conservation Biology;
Bioremediation

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Studying how global warming affects species distribution, migration patterns, and extinction rates.

Climate Change Impact on Biodiversity:

Efforts to protect endangered species and restore damaged ecosystems using habitat conservation and genetic diversity preservation.

Conservation Biology:

: The use of bacteria and fungi to clean up oil spills, heavy metal contamination, and plastic pollution.

Bioremediation

____, the study of the nervous system, is increasingly integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and big data to uncover how the brain functions.

Neurobiology

Key Advances in Neurobiology (3)

Brain Mapping Technologies; Neuroprosthetics; AI and Neuroscience

Brain Mapping Technologies: Advanced imaging techniques such as ___ and ____ allow scientists to study real-time brain activity.

fMRI and optogenetics

Neuroprosthetics: Development of ____ that help restore movement in paralyzed individuals.

brain-computer interfaces (BCIs)

Machine learning models analyze neural networks to improve treatments for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.

AI and Neuroscience:

___applies physical principles to biological problems, while ____focuses on movement and mechanical functions in living organisms.

Biophysics ; biomechanics

Applications of Biophysics and Biomechanics (3)

Medical Imaging Technologies; Prosthetic Limb Development; Bioengineered Tissues

MRI, PET, and CT scans rely on biophysical principles to visualize internal body structures.

Medical Imaging Technologies:

Advancements in materials and robotics have led to more functional and responsive prosthetics.

Prosthetic Limb Development:

Growing artificial organs using stem cells and 3D printing to replace damaged tissues.

Bioengineered Tissues:

has been revolutionized by high-throughput sequencing and molecular biology techniques, allowing scientists to decode entire genomes and manipulate genes with precision

Genomic research

Major Technological Advances in Genomics (3)

Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS); CRISPR-Cas9 and Gene Therapy; Epigenetics

Rapid sequencing of DNA and RNA, which has led to advancements in personalized medicine.

Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS):

Precise gene editing techniques to correct genetic defects, treat hereditary diseases, and develop genetically modified crops.

CRISPR-Cas9 and Gene Therapy:

Studying modifications in gene expression caused by environmental factors and lifestyle choices.

Epigenetics:

____has become a powerful tool in biology, automating complex data analysis and identifying patterns that humans might miss.

AI Applications in Biology (3)

Drug Discovery; AI-Driven Diagnostics; Predictive Healthcare

AI algorithms screen millions of chemical compounds to find potential drug candidates, speeding up pharmaceutical research.

Drug Discovery:

Machine learning models analyze medical images and genetic data to detect diseases such as cancer at early stages.

AI-Driven Diagnostics:

: AI models predict disease outbreaks, patient risks, and treatment outcomes.

Predictive Healthcare

_____leverages biological systems to develop new products that enhance human health and food security.

Biotechnology

Key Innovations in Agricultural and Medical Biotechnology (3)

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs); Biopharmaceuticals; Lab-Grown Meat:

Crops engineered for higher yield, pest resistance, and improved nutrition (e.g., Golden Rice enriched with Vitamin A).

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs):

Production of vaccines, insulin, and monoclonal antibodies using genetically engineered cells.

Biopharmaceuticals:

Cultured meat technology that provides an ethical and sustainable alternative to traditional livestock farming.

Lab-Grown Meat:

Advancements in imaging technology have provided unparalleled insights into biological structures at microscopic and molecular levels.

Imaging and Microscopy Innovations

Breakthroughs in Biological Imaging (3)

Super-Resolution Microscopy; Cryo-Electron Microscopy (Cryo-EM); AI-Powered Medical Imaging

Enables visualization of molecular processes at a nanometer scale.

Super-Resolution Microscopy:

Allows scientists to view proteins and viruses in their natural state, leading to breakthroughs in virology.

Cryo-Electron Microscopy (Cryo-EM):

Automates the detection of diseases such as tumors in radiology scans.

AI-Powered Medical Imaging:

has transformed biological research, increasing efficiency and reducing human error in experiments.

Automation

Applications of Robotics in Biology (3)

High-Throughput Screening; Robotic-Assisted Surgery; Automated Bioreactors:

Robots conduct thousands of biological tests simultaneously, accelerating drug discovery.

High-Throughput Screening:

Robotic-Assisted Surgery: Systems like the ___ enhance precision and minimize recovery time for patient

Da Vinci Surgical Robot

Used in industrial biotechnology to mass-produce vaccines, biofuels, and other biological products.

Automated Bioreactors:

Intro to special topics Flashcards

(62 cards)