Chapter 3 Flashcards
(11 cards)
Interruption the direct mode of transmission
Direct:
1. Contact (sexual, infectious mononucleosis)
Counseling
2. Droplet transmission (meningococcal)
Isolation
Interruption of indirect method
- Airborne transmission (measles)
Modifying ventilation & air pressure
Filtering & treating air - Vehicles (contaminated materials)
Decontamination
Hand washing (prevent fecal-oral) - Vectors (malaria by mosquitoes)
Spraying
How to protect the portal of entry?
Protect physician from patient’s blood, secretion & droplets and protect patient from physician.
PPE as mask & gloves
Lyme disease by ticks & West Nile
Virus Infection by mosquitoes
Wearing long pants & sleeves
Malaria by mosquitoes
Bed nets
What does ‘endemic’ mean in terms of disease levels?
Constant presence or usual prevalence (normal level) of a disease in a population within a specific area.
What is an epidemic?
Sudden increase (seasonally) in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in that population in that area.
What is a pandemic?
Epidemic disease spreads over several countries & affects a large number of people (global epidemic)
What defines an outbreak?
Epidemic disease in a limited geographic area which was free from this disease (a single case is enough to cause an outbreak)
What does sporadic mean in terms of disease occurrence?
A disease that occurs infrequently and irregularly.
What is an emerging disease?
A disease that occurs for the first time in a certain country.
What is a re-emerging disease?
A disease that was eliminated in a certain country and then reappears.
INCREASING HOST’S DEFENSES
Vaccination
Prophylactic antimalarial drugs for visitors to
malaria endemic areas (does not prevent exposure
BUT prevent occurrence of infection
