Chapter 4

Question 1

Natural history of a disease or health problem:

Answer 1

1. No disease
2. Preclinical phase = Pathological phase =
   biological onset of a disease
3. Clinical phase (symptoms, diagnosis, treatment)
4. Outcome phase (recovery, handicap or death)

Question 2

Disease Prevention

Answer 2

Measures applied to prevent the occurrence of a
disease.
1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. Tertiary
4. Rehabilitation

Question 3

Primary Prevention

Answer 3

Prevent the development of disease by reducing exposure to
causing agents or by immunization.

Question 4

Action of primary prevention

Answer 4

1 vaccination post exposure prophylaxis
Improve health
Provision of information
Inclusion of disease prevention program
Dental hygiene education
Food supplementation

Question 5

Secondary Prevention

Answer 5

disease at early stage by screening.
 Actions applied during the preclinical phase (after the
disease has developed but before clinical signs and
symptoms have appeared)

Question 6

Action of secondary prevention

Answer 6

Actions:
 Screening programs for early detection of diseases.
 Maternal and child health programs, for screening and
prevention of congenital malformations.
 Provision of medicines to control risk factors, such as
hypertension

Question 7

Tertiary Prevention

Answer 7

Treat clinically ill individuals to prevent complications of
the disease.

Question 8

Action of tertiary prevention

Answer 8

 Treatment of the illness combined with other
approaches
as
physical
therapy
to
prevent
complications such as joint contractures.

Question 9

Rehabilitation

Answer 9

Assist handicapped person (not completely cured
resulting in disability that prevent him from doing
normal life role) to improve their quality of life.

Question 10

Approach to Prevention

Answer 10

1. Population-based approach
2. High risk approach

Question 11

Health promotion

Answer 11

a process of empowering people to increase control over
their health & its determinants to improve their health.

Question 12

Activity of health promotion

Answer 12

 Policies to address behavioral risk factors as tobacco
 Dietary
and nutritional intervention to prevent
malnutrition or obesity.
 Policies and health services interventions to address
mental health and drug abuse.
 Strategies to promote sexual and reproductive health
 Strategies to tackle domestic violence

Question 13

Disease prevention and health promotion
share many goals

Answer 13

 Health promotion is a multisectoral action
 They need support mechanisms as:
educational activities, social communications
and reorientation of health services.