Chapter 3 Flashcards
(21 cards)
What are the three types of stress than can cause a container to fail?
Thermal
Chemical
Mechanical
Thermal stress
Heat created from fire or cold generated by environmental factors or substances such as cryogenics could cause a breach of the container
Chemical stress
The interaction of incompatible chemicals and/or the physical and chemical properties of a substance and how those substances interact inside or outside a container may lead to overpressure, disintegration, or other kinds of failures of any type of container
Mechanical stress
Falling debris, shrapnel, firearms, explosives, forklift, punctures, and the like are all examples of how mechanical means can cause container failure
Signal words
Used to indicate the relative toxicity of a material
Danger - poison
Highly toxic by all routs of entry
Danger
Severe eye damage or skin irritation
Warning
Moderately toxic
Caution
Minor toxicity and minor eye damage of skin irritation
Vaporization
The process of a solid or liquid changing into a gas
Water solubility
The ability of a substance to dissolve in water
Vapor density
The weight of a vapor or gas compared to an equal volume of dry air
Vapor pressure
The pressure, measured in pounds per square inch, absolute (psia), exerted by a liquid
Temperature has a direct influence on vapor pressure
Exposure
Contact with a hazmat/WMD by people, animals, the environment, property, or equipment
_________ often affects the level of exposure
The duration
Chemical reactivity
The ability of a chemical to undergo an alteration in its chemical make up, usually accompanied by a release of some sort of energy
Also called chemical change
Flash point
The minimum temperature at which a liquid or solid gives off a sufficient vapors such that, when an ignition source is present, the vapors will ignite, resulting on a flash fire
Fire point
The lowest temperature at which a liquid will ignite and achieve sustained burning when exposed to a flame test 
Ignition temperature
The minimum temperature at which of fuel, when heated, will ignite in the presence of air and continue to burn
Flammable range
An expression of an air/fuel mixture, defined by upper and lower percentage limits, that reflects the amount of flammable vapor mixed with a given volume of air
Liquids with low flash points typically have _____ vapor pressures and _____ ignition temperatures
Higher; higher
