chapter 3 Flashcards
(29 cards)
what is a zygote?
the period between 1-2 weeks that looks at fertilization to implantation
what is an embryo?
the period between 3-8 weeks where basic body structures form
what is a fetus?
the period between 9 weeks to birth that deals with growth and refinement
what is the age of viability?
around 22-28 weeks when a fetus can survive outside the womb
what is a blastocyst?
the fertilized egg four days after conception; implants itself into the uterine wall
what is the ectoderm?
the outermost layer of an embryo that forms into skin and the nervous system
what is the mesoderm?
the middle layer of an embryo that forms into muscles, bones, and the circulatory system
what is the endoderm?
the innermost layer of an embryo that forms into the digestive system and lungs
what is the purpose of the amniotic sac and fluid?
to protect the embryo
what is an umbilical cord?
connects the fetus to the placenta
what are villi
allows the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste
what does folic acid do?
it prevents neural tube defects
what are some maternal health risk factors
- nutrition
- age (risks like premature birth increase after age 35)
- stress (linked to preterm birth and low birth weight)
what are teratogens?
environmental agents (like drugs and lead) that cause harm
what are some of the symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome?
- facial abnormalities
- cognitive delays
what is an ultrasound?
imaging for growth and anomalies
what is a quad screen?
a prenatal test that looks at the parent’s blood for genetic conditions
what is amniocentesis and chronic villus sampling (CVS)?
tests for chromosomal abnormalities
what are the 3 stages of the birth process?
- dilation of the cervix
- delivery of the baby
- delivery of the placenta
how long can birth last?
from anywhere from a few hours to over 24 hours
how is the traditional approach to childbirth different from a more natural or alternative approach?
- traditional approach is often the hospital that has pain medication and medical staff
- natural/alternative approach often has midwifes, birth doulas, and water births
what are home visiting services?
they support at-risk families before and after birth
what is the apgar exam?
score from 0-10 based on heart rate, respiration, color, and reflexes
what are reflexes?
automatic responses like sucking and grasping
