chapter 6 Flashcards
(25 cards)
what is assimilation?
fitting new information into existing ideas
what is accommodation?
changing ideas based on new information
what is equilbration?
balancing assimilation and accommodation
what is the sensorimotor stage?
- occurs between birth-2 years
- object permanence
what is the preoperational stage?
- occurs between 2-7 years
- egocentrism and centration
what is the concrete operational stage?
- occurs between 7-11 years
- logical thinking, less egocentric
what is the formal operational stage?
- occurs after 12 years
- deductive reasoning, abstract thought
what is object permance?
things exist even when out of sight
what is egocentrism?
difficulty seeing other perspectives
what is centration?
focusing on one aspect of a problem
what is deductive reasoning?
logical, top-down thinking
what are some elements of vygotsky’s sociocultural theory?
- learning is socially driven
- intersubjectivity (shared understanding)
- guided participation (learning through interaction)
- scaffolding (structured support)
- zone of proximal development (range of skills a child can do with help)
what is private speech?
spoken aloud, helps regulate behavior
what is inner speech?
silent, internalized thought
what does private and inner speech do?
helps children solve problems and stay focused
what is information processing theory?
the mind works like a computer; processing speed increases with age
what is working memory?
holding information temporarily
what is long-term memory?
permanent storage
what are automatic processes?
skills that do not require conscious effort
what is essentialism?
belief that things have a set “essence”
what is the theory of mind?
understanding that others have thoughts and feelings; emerges around ages 4-5
how does thinking develop over time?
it becomes faster and more efficient as children learn to use memory strategies like rehearsal and elaboration
what are the strengths and limits of piaget’s theory?
- strength: stages guide teaching
- limitation: underestimated young kids
what are the strengths and limits of vygotsky’s theory?
- strength: emphasizes culture and interaction
- limitation: vague on development process
