Interchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during synapse and meiosis
crossover
a disease associated with formation of cell-mediated or humoral immunity against the subjects own cells or tissue components
autoimmune disease
the inactivated X chromosome that is applied to the nuclear membrane in the female. Sex Chromatin body.
barr body
the genes of histocompatibility complex and the antigens that they determine on the surface of cells
HLA system
the structure that joins each pair of chromatids formed by chromosome duplication
centromere
the gene present on the X chromosome
sex-linked gene
germ cells in a late stage of sperm development just before complete maturation to form mature sperm
spermatids
cells lining the ovarian follicles
granulosa cells
same as recombinant DNA technology
gene splicing, genetic engineering
structure extruded during the meiosis of the oocyte. Contains discarded chromosomes and a small amount of cytoplasm
polar body
the general term referring to either ovary or the testis
gonad
a noncoding part of a chromosomal DNA chain
intron
unique histocompatability antigens (self-antigens) on the surface cells. Also called major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens
human leukocyte antigens
the type of cell division of most cells in which chromosomes are duplicated in the daughter cells and are identical with those in the parent cell. the characteristic cell division found in all cells in the body except for gametes.
mitosis
a systemic disease primarily affecting the synovium with major manifestations in the small joints
rhumatoid arthritis
methods for combining gene from one organism, with genes of another organism
recombinant DNA technology
the position of a gene on a chromosome. different forms (alleles) of the same gene are always found at the same locus on a chromosome
locus
pairing of homologous chromosomes in meiosis
synapse
an arrangement of chromosomes from a single cell arrangement in pairs in descending order according to size of the chromosomes and the positions of the centromeres
karyotype
reproductive cells, eggs, and sperm each containng 23 chromosomes which unite during fertilization to form a zygote containing 46 chromosomes
gametes
the total of all the genes contained in a cell's chromosomes.
genome
a term applied to genes located on the X chromosome in the male
hemizygous
a gene that expresses a trait on the heterozygous state
dominant gene
a small circular DNA molecule separate from the main bacterial chromosome.
plasmid
a group of genes on chromosome 6 that determine the antigens on the surface cells
major histocompatability complex
a chromosome other than a sex chromosome
autosome
one of several related genes that may occupy the same locus on a homologous chromosome
allele
the development of mature eggs and sperm from precursor cells
gametogenesis
a protein or enzyme specified (coded) by a gene
gene prodcut
a special type of cell division occurring in gametes (ova and sperm) in which the number of chromosomes is reduced by one-half in the ovum and sperm
meiosis
