Chapter 3

Question 1

change perceptions of the past to be able to make future changes

Answer 1

The Past: Transforming Perceptions of Social Reality

Question 2

If past is unknown to audience?

Answer 2

i. Describe “misery, suffering, privation, anguish, and despair – a past no one wants to repeat”
ii. Revivalist and resistance movements portray a glorious past

Question 3

Social movements work largely to change perceptions of the present

Answer 3

The Present

Naming
Storytelling
Songs
Theater

Question 4

a. Need to find right words (and images) to make ideas relevant to audiences, thus using ______ as a strategy to show how others should understand the world

Answer 4

Present (Naming)

Question 5

i. Some stories are realistic, while others are mythical
ii. “the imagery, emotions, and values appealed to . . . make [stories] a powerful means of portraying a reality . . . different from the institutional version” What intensify s this?

Answer 5

Storytelling, primary strategy in the present

GORY PHOTOS

Question 6

Institutions are leery about the power of music

Answer 6

songs

Question 7

Used to tell it like it is

Answer 7

Theater

Question 8

in the rhetoric and practices of institutions

Answer 8

Emphasize Inconsistencies

Question 9

requires urgent action to “do something now before it is too late”

Answer 9

the future

Question 10

Perfect space/time promised land

Answer 10

Utopian

Question 11

Perfect Time of Peace and Happiness

Answer 11

Millenium

Question 12

Future as bright and full of hope

Answer 12

Utopian and Millenium

Question 13

A future of despair

Answer 13

domino theory
slippery slope
apocolyptic appeal

Question 14

that one right, power, possession, place, value, or virtue will fall after another until all is lost”

Answer 14

Domino Theory

Question 15

We are sliding into future problems

Answer 15

Slippery Slope

Question 16

Ultimate ending of the world

Answer 16

Apocalyptic appeal

Question 17

view the past as a paradise lost that is worth resurrecting”

Answer 17

Revivalist

Question 18

movements view the present as a paradise achieved and see social movements and institutions as threats to this way of life”

Answer 18

Resistance

Question 19

portray a problematic present caused by “an intolerable past and argue that the future” will be better if the movement is successful

Answer 19

Innovative

Question 20

led by persons who perceive themselves as dispossessed

a. Portrayed “as innocent, blameless victims of oppression”
b. Rhetoric “addresses self-esteem and self-worth”
c. Work to develop “new self-identities and self-definitions”
d. See selves as brothers and sisters, united

Answer 20

Self Directed altering self perceptions

Question 21

are led by persons not dispossessed, but are working on behalf of the dispossessed

a. Rhetoric aimed “at affirming a positive self-esteem” in the dispossessed
b. Members see themselves as saviors of the dispossessed
c. See selves at the top of the hierarchy
d. “Members implicitly and explicitly contrast social movement organizations according to longevity, size, activities, effectiveness, and victories”
e. Celebrate unity thru their struggle to help others

Answer 21

Other directed focus of VICTAMIGE of other…altering self perceptions

Question 22

the principal goal or demand of social movements, the primary challenge of movements to institutions, and the most central obstacle leaders of movements must overcome

Answer 22

Legitimizing the social movment

Question 23

1. The ego of protestors is important because they are challenging powerful institutions

Answer 23

Altering self perceptions of protestors

Question 24

terministic control

Answer 24

control language and meanings

Question 25

a. “Social movements must identify with fundamental societal norms and values if they are to transport themselves from the margins of society to the centers where legitimacy resides”
i. Link selves to values of “equality, justice, and dignity”
ii. “Many protest songs are modeled after or sung to the tune of traditional religious hymns”

Answer 25

coactive

Question 26

control “attitudes and emotional attachments”

Answer 26

Moral Suasion

Question 27

Question legitmacy of social movment

Answer 27

Strikes, boycotts, sit-ins, demonstrations, symbolic acts, and violations of ordinances and laws to reveal the inconsistency (and therefore illegitimacy) of values and established procedures, customs, and laws

CONFRONTATIONAL STRATEGIES

Question 28

1. Involves selling the movement’s ideology

Answer 28

Prescribing courses of action

Question 29

’a set of beliefs about the social world and how it operates, containing statements about the rightness of certain social arrangements and what action should be taken in light of these statements’

Answer 29

ideology

Question 30

one-term sums of an orientation

Answer 30

Ideograph GREEN BLACK POWER

Question 31

a. Typically talk about “who” in terms of everyday people

Answer 31

Grassroots

Question 32

Ways to legitimize?

Answer 32

Moral Suasion, reward, control, identification, terministic control

Question 33

“violates the mystery and reveals the secret that it maintains power, not through moral righteousness but through its power to kill”

Answer 33

Overraction (confrontational)

Question 34

Steps to mobilize for action

Answer 34

Organize and unite discontented
energize the discontented
pressure the opposition
gain sympathy

Question 35

social opinion leaders such as judges, politicians, business executives, clergy, sports figures, and entertainers who can help legitimize a movement in the eyes of the public by appearing at rallies, marching in demonstrations, speaking in favor of the cause, donating money, and so on

Answer 35

Legitimizer

Question 36

`1. Justifying setbacks and delays

a. “Every social movement attempts to establish we-they distinctions, . . . to instill strong convictions about accomplishing goals, . . . and to preach or imply that its ends justify any means necessary . . . to bring about or to resist change”
b. Persuasion used to maintain order in the movement “and to respond to actions that embarrass the movement and threaten its support”
2. Maintaining viability of the movement
a. “More rhetorical energy may be expended on fund-raising, membership drives, acquisition of materials and property, and maintenance of movement communication than on selling ideologies to target audiences and pressuring the opposition”
b. Too much early success may harm the organization in that persons lose enthusiasm for more change
3. Maintaining visibility of the movement
a. Use “ceremonies, funerals, annual conventions, and anniversary or birthday celebrations to remain visible and to stoke the agitational fire”
b. Work with institutions to create memorials to former leaders

Answer 36

Sustain Social Movement