Chapter 3 (3.2 : Blood pressure) Flashcards
(24 cards)
What type of blood vessels are there?
-Vein
-Capillary
-Artery
State the characteristics of vein (Lumen size, thickness of outer wall, valve, blood flows and function)
Lumen size : Large
Thickness of outer wall : Thin (less muscle due to lower blood pressure)
Valve : Ensure blood flows in one direction
Blood flows : Very slow and low pressure
Function :
(a)Transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart from the whole body except the lungs
(b)Pulmonary vein transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
State the characteristics of blood capillary (Lumen size, thickness of outer wall, valve, blood flows and function)
Lumen size : Very small
Thickness of outer wall : One cell thick
Valve : No valve
Blood flows : Slow and low pressure
Function :
(a)Allow the exchange of gases, food and waste products between the blood and body cells via diffusion through the thin wall of the capillary
State the characteristics of artery (Lumen size, thickness of outer wall, valve, blood flows and function)
Lumen size : Small
Thickness of outer wall : Very thick (more muscles to withstand high blood pressure)
Valve : No valve
Blood flows : Fast and high pressure
Function :
(a)Transport oxygenated blood from the heart to the whole body excepts the lungs
(b)Pulmonary artery transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
What are human blood pressure measured in?
-Systolic pressure
-Diastolic pressure
What is systolic pressure?
The pressure in the blood vessel when our ventricle pumps out blood
What is diastolic pressure?
The pressure in the blood vessel during the relaxationofventricles
What is used to measure blood pressure?
Sphygmomanometer
Why is the sound “lub dub” is produced when the heart is beating?
Valve closure in the heart
What can be used to hear the sound “lub dub” ?
Stethoscope
What happens during diastole (relaxation of ventricles)?
-Semilunar valves closes
-Bicuspid valve and tricuspid valve open
-The closure of the semilunar valve at the aorta and pulmonary artery, the “dub” sound is produced
-Pressure reading of blood into and filling the heart is called the diastolic pressure reading
What happens during systole (contraction of ventricles)
-Semilunar valves open
0Bicuspid valve and tricuspid valve close
-The closure of the tricuspid valve and the bicuspid valve between the atria and the ventricles, the “lub” sound is produced
-Pressure reading of blood flowing out of the heart is called the systolic pressure reading
What is the average person pulse rate?
75 beats per minute (bpm)
What are the factors that may increase or decrease a person’s pulse rate?
-Gender
-Physical activity
-Body fitness
-Age
Why does gender affect a person’s pulse rate?
-Woman have higher heart rate compared to man.
-Woman are smaller in body size and less muscle mass
-Higher heart rate increases the metabolic rate of the body
Why does physical activities affect a person’s pulse rate?
-To provide oxygen and glucose with a higher rate for cell respiration
-Expel carbon dioxide at a higher rate
Why does body fitness affect a person’s pulse rate?
-Individual with a fit body will have lower resting heart rate
-An athlete’s resting heart rate can go as low as 40 bpm
-This shows they have a stronger heart which pumps more blood per pulse to the body
Why does age affect a person’s pulse rate?
-A healthy teenage will have lower resting heart rate
-Elderly person has a lower heart rate due to old age resulting in a weaker body
-An infant normal heart rate range between 43-190 and it slows down as the infant
-Infants higher heart rate is due to rapid growth of the body
What does it mean when someone’s systolic pressure is lower than 90 (mmHg) and diastolic pressure is lower than 60 (mmHg)?
-Low blood pressure
-Heart problems
-Dengue
-Dehydration
What does it mean when someone’s systolic pressure is from 90 to 120 and diastolic pressure is from 60 to 80?
-Normal blood pressure
-Healthy
What does it mean when someone’s systolic pressure is from 120 to 140 and diastolic pressure is from 80 to 90?
-Pre-high blood pressure (pre-hypertention)
-Warning sign of high blood pressure
-Imbalance diet (Exp : Salty diet)
What does it mean when someone’s systolic pressure is more than 140 and diastolic pressure is more than 90?
-High blood pressure (hypertension)
-Kidney disease
-Blockage of blood vessel
-Smoking
Why is it Important to take care of the heart?
-The heart pumps bloods which nutrient, oxygen and other substance for the body cells
-Blood also carries waste product away from the cells such as carbon dioxide
-Cells undergoes respiration by using up glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and energy
How to Avoid Heart Disease?
-Regular check up on general health
-Have a balance diet
-Reduce salt, sugar, fats and cholesterol in daily diet
-Regular exercise of 30 minutes per session, 5 sessions per week
-Have a good management on stress
-Have a healthy BMI
-Smoking, drug abuse and drinking alcohol isnot recommended
