Chapter 3

Question 1

Inferential Stats

Answer 1

Used to make more general conclusions about the theoretical principle or procedure being studied

Question 2

Z Score

Answer 2

Number of standard deviations that a score is above or below the mean of its distribution
How much it is above or below the average

Question 3

Raw Score

Answer 3

Ordinary score (before transformations)

Question 4

Normal Distribution

Answer 4

Frequency distribution that follows a normal curve

Question 5

Normal Curve

Answer 5

Specific, mathematically defined, bell-shaped frequency distribution that is symmetrical and unimodal

Question 6

Normal Curve Table

Answer 6

Table showing percentages of scores associated with the normal curve

Question 7

Population

Answer 7

Entire group of people to which a researcher intends the result of a study to apply

Question 8

Sample

Answer 8

Scores of the particular group of people studied

Question 9

Why Study Samples & Not Population?

Answer 9

Population would be more accurate but not practical

Samples used to make generalizations

Question 10

Method of Sampling

Answer 10

Random Selection

Question 11

Random Selection

Answer 11

Uses truly random procedures usually meaning that each person in population has an equal chance of being selected

Question 12

Population Parameter

Answer 12

Actual value of the mean, standard deviation, for the population

Question 13

Sample Statistics

Answer 13

Descriptive statistics, such as the mean or standard deviation, figured from the scores in a group of people studied

Question 14

Probability

Answer 14

Expected relative frequency of an outcome

The proportion of successful outcomes to all outcomes

Question 15

What is the purpose of most psychological research?

Answer 15

To examine the truth of a theory or the effectiveness of a procedure

Question 16

Outcome

Answer 16

Result of an experiment

Question 17

Frequency

Answer 17

How many times something happens

Question 18

Relative Frequency

Answer 18

Number of times something happens relative to the number of times it could have happened
Proportion of times something happens

Question 19

Expected Relative Frequency

Answer 19

Number of successful outcomes divided by the number of total outcomes you would expect to get if you repeated an experiment a large number of times

Question 20

Long-Run Relative-Frequency Interpretation of Probability

Answer 20

Understanding of probability as the proportion of a particular outcome that you would get if the experiment were repeated many times

Question 21

Subjective Interpretation of Probability

Answer 21

Way of understanding probability as the degree of one’s certainty that a particular outcome will occur