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PSY224-Test 1 > W1 > Flashcards

W1 Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of A Research Study

A

To test a theory of the effectiveness of a practical application

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2
Q

The True Experiment

A

Standard against which all other methods are compared

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3
Q

Experimental Group

A

A group in which the level of X is changed

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4
Q

Control Group

A

Comparison group in which X is kept at normal levels

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5
Q

Participants

A

Individuals studied in research

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6
Q

Independent Variable

A

Variable that is systematically changed

Divides the groups

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7
Q

Experimental Manipulation

A

Procedure of systematically changing the IV

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8
Q

Dependent Variable

A

Variable that is supposed to change as a result of the study

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9
Q

Population

A

All the people on earth of the type being studied

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10
Q

Sample

A

Particular participants selected to be studied form a population

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11
Q

Characteristics of the Ideal Research Design (4)

A
  1. Participants in the experimental and control groups are identical
  2. EG and CG are exposed to identical situations (except for manipulation of IV)
  3. Sample studied perfectly represents the intended population
  4. Measurement of the DV is completely accurate and appropriate for what is supposed to be measuring
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12
Q

Random Assignment

A

No systematic difference

‘Random’ meaning the use of a strictly random procedure and not ‘randomly’ choosing people

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13
Q

Matched Group Design

A

Matching two groups together

No control group (kinda)

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14
Q

Repeated Measure Design

A

Create 2 identical groups by testing the same people twice
Weak because if changes found, there are many other explanations that are possible
Stronger in a lab experiment to prove the accuracy

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15
Q

Counterbalancing

A

Half of the participants are tested first in one condition and the other half first in the other condition

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16
Q

Correlation Research Design

A

Tests whether there is an association between two variables as they exist in a group of people without any attempt at experimental manipulation

17
Q

Single Subject Research

A

Intense examination of a single group, organization, or individual, using the case study of participant observation approach

18
Q

Why is Single Subject Research Used?

A

Because it gives a rich understanding of all the complexities of what is being studied rather than forcing attention on a few variables that could/could not be critical

19
Q

Placebo Effects

A

The influence of a participant’s expectation or motivation to do well

20
Q

Hawthorne Effects

A

The influence of the attention the participant receives and of the participant’s reaction to being a participant

21
Q

Experimenter Effects

A

Unintended influences of the researcher on the study

22
Q

Generalizability

A

Particular sample of participants studied accurately represents the larger population

23
Q

Internal Validity

A

The equivalence of the experimental and control groups and equivalence of circumstances

24
Q

Random Sampling

A

Optimal method for ensuring that a particular group of people studied is representative of the larger population

25
Q

Example of Self-Report

A

Questionnaires or interviews

26
Q

Example of Behavioral

A

Rating scales of children’s play behavior, number of customers that enter a store, reaction times

27
Q

Example of Physiological

A

Hormone levels, heart rate, blood flow, etc.

28
Q

Ways of Measurement

A

Self-Report
Behavioral
Physiological

29
Q

Test Retest Reliability

A

Same group is tested twice

30
Q

Internal Consistency

A

Scores on half are compared to scores on other half

31
Q

Interrater Reliability

A

Degree of agreement between observers

32
Q

Reliability

A

Accuracy/consistency

33
Q

Validity

A

Whether it actually measures what it claims to

34
Q

Response Bias

A

Respondents try to make a good impression or to answer thinking they satisfy the observer/researcher

35
Q

Content Validity

A

Content of measure appears to get at all the different aspects of things being measured

36
Q

Criterion-Related Validity

A

Doing a special study in which the researcher compares scores on the measure to some other likely indicator

37
Q

Predictive Validity

A

Used especially where a measure is designed for predictive purposes (job or educational placement)

38
Q

Concurrent Validity

A

Comparing scores on one measure to those on another that directly measures the same thing

39
Q

Construct Validity

A

A study using this measure successfully showed an effect that was predicted by theory

PSY224-Test 1 (4 decks)

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