Chapter 3

Question 1

Idiographic understanding

Answer 1

An understanding of the behavior of a particular individual

Question 2

Assessment

Answer 2

The process of collecting and interpreting relevant information about a client or research participant

Question 3

Standardization

Answer 3

The process in which a test is administered to a large group of people whose performance then serves as a standard or norm against which any individual’s score can be measured

Question 4

Realibility

Answer 4

A measure of the consistency of test or research results

Question 5

Validity

Answer 5

The accuracy of a test’s or study’s results; that is, the extent to which the test or study actually measures or shows what it claims

Question 6

Clinical interview

Answer 6

Face-to-face encounter

Question 7

Mental status exam

Answer 7

A set of interview questions and observations designed to reveal the degree and nature of a client’s abnormal functioning

Question 8

Test

Answer 8

A device for gathering information about a few aspects of a person’s psychological functioning from which broader information about the person can be inferred

Question 9

Projective test

Answer 9

A test consisting of ambiguous material that people interpret or respond to

Question 10

Rorschach test

Answer 10

Individuals view and react to a total of 10 inkblot images

Question 11

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Answer 11

Individuals are asked to view 30 black-and-white pictures of individuals in vague situations and asked to make up a dramatic story about each card

Question 12

Personality inventory

Answer 12

A test designed to measure broad personality characteristics, consisting of statements about behaviors, beliefs, and feelings that people evaluate as either characteristic or uncharacteristic of them

Question 13

Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Answer 13

The widely used personality inventory in which more than 500 self-statements, to be labeled true, false, or cannot say

Question 14

Response inventories

Answer 14

Tests designed to measure a person’s responses in one specific area of functioning, such as affect, social skills, or cognitive process

Question 15

Psychophysiological test

Answer 15

A test that measures physical responses (such as heart rate and muscle tension) as possible indicators of physiological problems

Question 16

Neurological test

Answer 16

A test that directly measures brain structure or activity

Question 17

EEG

Answer 17

Electroencephalogram; records brain waves, the electrical activity taking place within the brain as a result of neurons firing

Question 18

CAT scan

Answer 18

Computerized axial tomography scan; X rays of the brain’s structure are taken at different angles and combined

Question 19

Neuroimaging techniques

Answer 19

Neurological tests that provide images of brain structure or activity, such as CT scans, PET scans, and MRIs. Also called brain scans

Question 20

PET scan

Answer 20

Positron emission tomography; A computer produced motion picture of chemical activity throughout the brain

Question 21

MRI

Answer 21

Magnetic resonance imaging; A procedure that uses the magnetic property of certain atoms in the brain to create a detailed picture of the brain’s structure

Question 22

fMRI

Answer 22

Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Converts numerous MRI pictures of brain structures into detailed pictures of neuron activity, offering a picture of the functioning brain

Question 23

Neuropsychological test

Answer 23

A test that detects brain impairment by measuring a person’s cognitive, perceptual, and motor performances

Question 24

Battery

Answer 24

Series

Question 25

Intelligence test

Answer 25

A test designed to measure a person's intellectual ability

Question 26

Intelligence quotient (IQ)

Answer 26

An overall score derived from intelligence tests

Question 27

Naturalistic observation

Answer 27

Clinicians observe clients in their everyday environments

Question 28

Analog observation

Answer 28

Clinicians observe clients in an artificial setting, such as a clinical office or laboratory

Question 29

Self-monitoring

Answer 29

Clients are instructed to observe themselves

Question 30

Diagnosis

Answer 30

A determination that a person's problems reflect a particular disorder

Question 31

Syndrome

Answer 31

A cluster of symptoms that usually occur together

Question 32

Classification system

Answer 32

A list of disorders, along with descriptions of symptoms and guidelines for making appropriate dianoses

Question 33

DSM-5

Answer 33

The current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Question 34

Categorical information

Answer 34

Refers to the name of the category (disorder) indicated by the client's symptoms

Question 35

Dimensional information

Answer 35

A rating of how severe a client's symptoms are and how dysfunctional the client is across various dimensions of personality

Question 36

Empirically supported treatment

Answer 36

A movement in the clinical field that seeks to identify which therapies have received clear research support for each disorder, to develop corresponding treatment guidelines, and to spread such information to clinicians. Also known as evidence-based treatment.

Question 37

Therapy outcome study

Answer 37

Studies that measure the effects of various treatments

Question 38

Rapprochement movement

Answer 38

An effort to identify a set of common strategies that run through the work of all effective therapists

Question 39

Psychopharmacologist

Answer 39

A psychiatrist who primarily prescribes medications