Chapter 3

Question 1

Demography

Answer 1

The study of people’s vital statistics, such as their age, gender, race and ethnicity and location.

Question 2

Neoliberalism

Answer 2

A set of economic policies that believes that the economy (and therefore social policy) should be market-driven, not government-driven

Question 3

Stakeholders

Answer 3

Individuals, groups or organizations to whom a business has a responsibility: employees, customers, suppliers, investors, and the general public.

Question 4

Corporate philanthropy

Answer 4

The practice of charitable giving by corporations, includes contributing cash, donating equipment and products, and supporting the volunteer efforts of company employees

Question 5

Utilitarianism

Answer 5

A philosophy that focuses on the consequences of an action to determine whether it is right or wrong, and holds that an action that affects the majority adversely is morally wrong.

Question 6

Justice

Answer 6

What is considered fair according to the prevailing standards of society; in the 21st century
, an equitable distribution of the burdens and rewards that society has to offer

Question 7

Preconventional ethics

Answer 7

A stage in the ethical development of individuals in which people behave in a childlike manner and make ethical decisions in a calculating, self-centered, selfish way, based on the possibility of immediate punishment or reward; also known as self-centered ethics

Question 8

Conventional ethics

Answer 8

The second stage in the ethical development of individuals in which people move from an egocentric viewpoint to consider the expectations of an organization or society; also known as social ethics.

Question 9

Post conventional ethics

Answer 9

The third stage in the ethical development of individuals in which people adhere to the ethical standards of a mature adult and are less concerned about how others view their behavior than about how they will judge themselves in the long run; also known as principaled ethics