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PSY 1001 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Study of the relationship between the brain and behavior/mental processes. Includes perception, memory, emotions/feelings, language, & thought

A

Biological psychology

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2
Q

Fundamental assumption of biological psychology

A

Anima brains provide a model not a replica

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3
Q

Nerve cell specialized for communication.
Functioning of brain depends on cross talk of neurons. Neurons contain about 100 billion neurons and 160 trillion connections

A

Neuron

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4
Q

Extensions on neurons. Spread out to 􏰂listen􏰃 in on inform from neighboring neurons and pass it on to the cell body.

A

Dendrites

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5
Q

Cell body that contains the nucleus

A

Soma

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6
Q

Very thin, long, tail-like extensions protruding
from the cell body. Sends signals and creates trigger
zone. Incased in myelin sheath.

A

Axons

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7
Q

Information is conveyed into other

cells form here

A

Terminal fields

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8
Q

Protective covering of axons

A

Myelin sheath

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9
Q
  1. Electrical impulse triggers the release of neurotransmitters. When this occurs, the neuron is either firing or not firing.
  2. Originate in trigger cells of cell body and continue down axon to axon terminal Positive charged particles flow rapidly into axon and quickly out causing a spike in positive charge and sudden decrease in charge. Inside charge ends up slightly negative to original resting value.
  3. When electrical charge reaches axon terminal, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters – chemical messages - - into a synapse
A

Steps Involved in Neural Impulse (Action Potential)

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10
Q

Electrical charge difference (-60 millivolts) across the neuronal membrane, when the neuron is not being stimulated or inhibited. More negative particles inside than outside the neuron.

A

Resting potential

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11
Q

Back part of the cerebral cortex responsible for vision

A

Occipital lobe

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12
Q

Object recognition as well as hearing, understanding, language and memory. Is separated from the rest of the context by lateral fissure.

A

Temporal lobe

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13
Q

Part of the cortex devoted to hearing

A

Auditory cortex

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14
Q

Language area of temporal responsible for understanding speech

A

Wernicke’s Area

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15
Q

Defect in the ability to recognize objects

A

Agnosia

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16
Q

Disability in detecting faces

A

Prospagnosia

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17
Q

Spatial attention specializing in touch and perception

A

Parietal lobe

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18
Q

Sensitive to touch, including pressure, pain, and temperature

A

Somatosensory cortex

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19
Q

Capability to feel lost limb

A

Phantom Limb Syndrome

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20
Q

Neglect of half of space following injury to parietal cortex on one side of brain

A

Neglect syndrome

21
Q

“executive function”

A

Frontal lobe

22
Q

Language area in the prefrontal cortex responsible for speech production

A

Broca’s Area

23
Q

Responsible for body movement

A

Motor cortex

24
Q

Emotional center of the brain that processes internal states. SMELL!

A

Limbic System

25
Q

Key roles in fear, excitement, and arousal

A

Amygdala

26
Q

Gateway from the sense organs to primary sensory cortex. Main door to limbic system organs

A

Thalamus

27
Q

Region below the Midbrain that contains the organs of the brain stem

A

Hindbrain

28
Q

Responsible for our sense of balance and enables us to coordinate movement and learn motor skills. Contributes to executive, spatial and linguistic abilities

A

Cerebellum

29
Q

Connects the cortex with the cerebellum. Dreams

A

Pons

30
Q

Involved in heartbeat and breathing

A

Medulla

31
Q

Large band of fibers connecting the 2 cerebral hemispheres. Allows for communication between both lobes of brain.

A

Corpus Collosum

32
Q

Helps control movement. Allows us to perform movements to obtain reward.

A

Basil Ganglia

33
Q

Manufactures adrenaline and cortisol, emergency glands.

A

Adrenal gland

34
Q

Regulates vlood pressure and cardiovascular functions

A

Cortisol

35
Q

Rapid, unconscious processing of visual information in the peripheral visual field

A

Spatial attention

36
Q

The brain’s capacity to change aspects of its structure of function based on experience, or in response to injury.

A

Plasticity

37
Q

Red, green, yellow, blue, black test. Demonstrates that the frontal lobe is able to control certain words and things we want to say.

A

Stroop test

38
Q

How very small synaptic currents translate into a new nerve impulse in the postsynaptic cell. If the sum of a synaptic current exceeds a certain threshold, a nerve impulse will be generated.

A

Synaptic Integration

39
Q

How many positive and negative currents are reaching a particular point in the postsynaptic cell

A

Spatial summation

40
Q

The frequency of the currents

A

Temporal Summation

41
Q

Are released from presynaptic cell into the postsynaptic cell.

A

Neurotransmitters

42
Q

Related neurotransmitters are serotonin & noepinephrine. Block reuptake of neurotransmitter
Plasticity: The brain􏰀s capacity to change aspects of its structure or function based on experience, or in response to
injury. Four processes involved in plasticity:
molecules. Prozac keeps more serotonin around.

A

Depression

43
Q

Cells that fire together, wire together

A

Hebb’s Rule

44
Q

A cellular phenomenon with high frequency stimulation increasing the ability of cell A to fire cell B. There are two stages, induction and maintenance

A

Long Term Potentiation (LTP)

45
Q

Showed how difficult it was to remember episodic memories with a disorder called Amnesia.

A

Henry Molaison

46
Q

A type of long term memory that is the conscious memory for information and facts.
There are two forms: Semantic and episodic memory

A

Declarative memory

47
Q

helps develop and form new memories. Helps us learn by looking at cues to
remember where something is

A

Hippocampus

48
Q

Cells that produce high frequency of nerve impulses when an animal is situated in a particular place

A

Place cells

49
Q

When you see something in your right side you won􏰀t see it if that part of the brain is unusable

A

Split-brain effect

PSY 1001 (4 decks)

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