Chapter 4

Question 1

Vision: Eye
Audition: Ear
Taste: Tongue
Touch: Body
Olfactory: Nose

Answer 1

Five senses

Question 2

Receiving (sensing) physical signals

Answer 2

Sensation

Question 3

Receptors that convert physical energy to electrical signals

Answer 3

Transduction

Question 4

Part of the eye containing transparent cells that bends light to go to the retina

Answer 4

Cornea

Question 5

Circular hole through which light enters the eye. Pupils dilate when we try to process complex info.

Answer 5

Pupil

Question 6

Changes curvature to keep image in focus. Bends light and is completely transparent, allowing light to pass through

Answer 6

Lens

Question 7

Responsible for converting light into neural activity

Answer 7

Retina

Question 8

Central portion of the retina and is responsible for acuity, sharpness of vision

Answer 8

Fovea

Question 9

Nerve that travels from the retina to the brain. Contains axons of ganglion cells

Answer 9

Optic Nerve

Question 10

Parts of the visual field we can􏰀t see because of the absence of rods and cones

Answer 10

Blind spots

Question 11

Photoreceptor cells in the retina allowing us to see low levels of light. Long and narrow allowing us to see basic shapes and forms. Located in receptor cells in retina. Sensitive to movement and vision in dim light

Answer 11

Rods

Question 12

Photoreceptor cells in the retina allowing us to see in color. Less numerous than rods. Used in daylight vision and not as sensitive to light. Good for spatial vision

Answer 12

Cones

Question 13

Lowest level of a stimulus needed for the nervous system to detect a change 50% of the time.

Answer 13

Absolute threshold

Question 14

The smallest change in the intensity of a stimulus that we can detect. i.e. when you can start hearing music on iPod

Answer 14

Just Noticeable Difference(JND)

Question 15

There is a constant proportional relationship between the JND and original stimulus

Answer 15

Weber’s Law

Question 16

Theory regarding how stimuli are detected under different condition

Answer 16

Signal Detection Theory

Question 17

Time in dark before rods regain max light sensitivity

Answer 17

Dark Adaptation

Question 18

The ability to attend to many senses at the same time

Answer 18

Parallel Processing

Question 19

Conceptually driven processing influenced by beliefs and expectancies. Starts with
association cortex to visual cortex

Answer 19

Top-Down Processing

Question 20

A whole is constructed by many parts. Starts with primary visual cortex to association
cortex

Answer 20

Bottom-Up Processing

Question 21

Process of selecting one sensory channel and ignoring others. Biases and personalities
contribute to false alarms or misses, response bias or observer bias. A liberal response bias would produce many
false alarms

Answer 21

Selective Attention

Question 22

Failure to detect stimuli that are in plain sight when our attention is focused elsewhere

Answer 22

Intention Blindness

Question 23

Sets formed when expectations influence perceptions

Answer 23

Perceptual Set

Question 24

The brain􏰀s interpretation of raw sensory inputs

Answer 24

Perception

Question 25

A figure can produce multiple illusions. Brain tries to figure out what the image is exactly.

Answer 25

Bi-Stable Figures

Question 26

Idea that color vision is based on our sensitivity to 3 primary colors. Coincides with theory regarding 3 kinds of cones, each maximally sensitive to different wavelengths of light

Answer 26

Trichromatic Theory

Question 27

Theory that we perceive colors in terms of 3 pairs of opponent colors; red & green, blue & yellow, or black & white. After images arise from the visual cortex􏰀s processing of information from our rods and cones

Answer 27

Bi-Stable Figures

Question 28

The process by which we perceive stimuli consistently across varied conditions. Several forms: Size, shape, and color

Answer 28

Perceptual Constancy

Question 29

Rules governing how we perceive objects as wholes within their overall context. Provide roadmap for how we make sense of our perceptual worlds

Answer 29

Gestalt Principles

Question 30

Stimuli that enable us to judge depth using only one eye

Answer 30

Monocular Depth Cues

Question 31

Stimuli that enables us to judge depth using both eyes

Answer 31

Binocular Depth Cues

Question 32

When the moon looks like its closer to the Earth, when it really is all in the current position in the moon

Answer 32

Moon Illusion

Question 33

Room is shaped oddly like picture

Answer 33

Ames Room

Question 34

The processing of sensory information that occurs below the level of conscious

Answer 34

Subliminal Perception

Question 35

Sub-threshold influences over our votes, product choices and life decisions. i.e. weight loss books

Answer 35

Subliminal Persuasion