Chapter 3

Question 1

Organic

Answer 1

Must have carbon and hydrogen.

Question 2

Can inorganic have carbon and hydrogen?

Answer 2

Yes, but never at the same time

Question 3

Properties of carbon

Answer 3

• tetravalent
• single, double, or triple bonds
• straight, branching, cyclic

Question 4

Organic compound composed only of the elements carbon and hydrogen

Answer 4

Hydrocarbon

Question 5

Compound with the same formula but different structural arrangement

Answer 5

Isomers

Question 6

Building blocks of compounds

Answer 6

Monomers

Question 7

Minimonomers

Answer 7

Polymers

Question 8

Synthesis or build up

Answer 8

Anabolism

Question 9

Degradation

Answer 9

Catabolism

Question 10

Synthesis; Takes water away; anabolism

Answer 10

Dehydration reaction

Question 11

Degradation; Puts/adds water back; catabolism

Answer 11

Hydrolytic reaction

Question 12

4 major groups of Macromolecules (organic compounds) found in biological systems.

Answer 12

• carbohydrates
• lipids/fatty acids
• proteins
• nucleic acid

Question 13

Means water loving

Answer 13

Hydrophilic

Question 14

Are carbohydrates hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

Answer 14

Hydrophilic

Question 15

What is the carbohydrate ratio?

Answer 15

1C : 2H : 1 O

Question 16

What are carbohydrates for?

Answer 16

• quick/stored energy

- structuring/support

Question 17

3 groups of carbohydrates

Answer 17

• monosaccharides
• disaccharides
• polysaccharides

Question 18

• Simple, Standalone and monomers of others
• quick energy
• ex. Glucose, fructose

Answer 18

Monosaccharides

Question 19

Double carbohydrate

Answer 19

Disaccharides

Question 20

3+ monomers

Answer 20

Polysaccharides

Question 21

Starches-plants
Glycogen- animals
Cellulose
Chitin

Answer 21

Polysaccharides

Question 22

Long straight chains. One of the two components of starch.

Answer 22

Amylose

Question 23

Soluble polysaccharide and highly branched polymer of glucose found in plants. It is one of the two components of starch.

Answer 23

Amylopectin

Question 24

Very complex, gives a lot of support.

Answer 24

Cellulose

Question 25

Structural polysaccharide found in many fungal cell walls and in the exoskeletons of Arthropods.

Answer 25

Chitin

Question 26

Functions of lipids and fatty acids

Answer 26

- Energy storage - insulate - packing - shaping - amino acid storage - cushioning - structure/structuring

Question 27

- structure - hydrophobic - saturated vs unsaturated

Answer 27

Fatty acids

Question 28

Monomers are alcohol and fatty acids

Answer 28

Lipids

Question 29

Types of lipids

Answer 29

-fats Phospholipids -waxes -steroids

Question 30

Means water fearing

Answer 30

Hydrophobic

Question 31

Means water loving

Answer 31

Hydrophilic

Question 32

This term is defined as the sum total of all chemical reactions (i.e. both anabolism and catabolism) in a biological system.

Answer 32

Metabolism

Question 33

The monomers of disaccharides?

Answer 33

Monosaccaride

Question 34

A protein's shape determines its _________.

Answer 34

Function

Question 35

This type of degradation reaction adds water molecule(s).

Answer 35

Hydrolytic reaction

Question 36

The "building blocks" of polymers.

Answer 36

Monomer