Chapter 5

Question 1

Characteristics of ALL membranes (4)

Answer 1

All have a membrane
All are dynamic
All structurally the same
All selectively permiable

Question 2

Functions of membranes (5)

Answer 2

• Separate/compartmentalize
• Serve as organizational sites
• Increase surface area
• Protect
• Transport

Question 3

What is the role of cholesterol in the Biphosphipid layer (Phospholipid Bilayer)

Answer 3

Increased cholesterol = increased thickness.

Question 4

What is the polarity of fatty acid tails?

Answer 4

non polar

Question 5

Are fatty acid tails hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

Answer 5

Hydrophobic

Question 6

What is the polarity of phosphate heads?

Answer 6

Polar

Question 7

Are phosphate heads hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

Answer 7

Hydrophilic

Question 8

Movement of materials from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration through any media until equilibrium is met.

Answer 8

Diffusion

Question 9

Movement of water and water only, from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration through an selectively permeable membrane until equilibrium is met.

Answer 9

Osmosis

Question 10

What are the 3 types of mixtures?

Answer 10

• Homeogenius
• Heterogenious
• Colloid

Question 11

What are the 2 parts of a solution?

Answer 11

• Solute

- Solvent

Question 12

Deals with relative concentration of solutes outside cell VS relative concentration inside the cell and the effect those have on the cell.

Answer 12

Tonicity

Question 13

What are the 3 types of solutions a cell may be objected to?

Answer 13

• Isotonic
• Hypertonic
• Hypotonic

Question 14

A way to transport that forces against a gradient?

Answer 14

Pumps

Question 15

What is the difference in active VS passive transport?

Answer 15

Passive transport never requires use of energy.

Question 16

The movement of bulky materials

Answer 16

Transport

Question 17

Movement of materials out of a cell by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane. (Out of the cell. Opposite of phagocytosis)

Answer 17

Exocytosis

Question 18

Cellular uptake of molecules or particles via formation of new vesicles from the plasma membrane. (Into the cell)

Answer 18

Endocytosis

Question 19

Cellular “eating”; a type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs bacteria, foreign proteins, and the remains of dead body cells.

Answer 19

Phagocytosis

Question 20

Cell drinking

Answer 20

Pinocytosis

Question 21

The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the in folding of vesicles.

Answer 21

Receptor mediated transport

Question 22

Do all organisms expend energy?

Answer 22

YES

Question 23

The capacity to perform work

Answer 23

Energy

Question 24

The movement of matter over, or through a space.

Answer 24

Work

Question 25

What are the 2 types of energy?

Answer 25

Potential | Kinetic

Question 26

Stored energy

Answer 26

Potential

Question 27

Energy in motion with the ability to perform work

Answer 27

Kinetic

Question 28

What are the 3 types of cellular work?

Answer 28

- Mechanical (types of movement) - Transport (moving things in and out of a cell) - Chemical (metabolic pathways. Chemical reactions)

Question 29

In living systems and in the universe potential and kinetic energy are switched from one type to the other and vice versa. What is this called?

Answer 29

Energy transformation

Question 30

The study of energy and energy transformations.

Answer 30

Thermodynamics

Question 31

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

Answer 31

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but can be transformed from one type to the other.

Question 32

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

Answer 32

The universe tends toward entropy (randomness or chaos)

Question 33

Amount of kinetic energy, stored as potential energy in a living system.

Answer 33

Enthalpy

Question 34

Steady state of body functioning. State of Equilibrium.

Answer 34

Homeostasis

Question 35

The study of the transformation of energy in living organisms.

Answer 35

Bioenergetics

Question 36

Two types of chemical reactions based on energy?

Answer 36

- Energonic | - Exergonic

Question 37

Chemical reaction based on energy that store energy?

Answer 37

Energonic

Question 38

Chemical reaction based on energy that release energy?

Answer 38

Exergonic

Question 39

In living systems, to conserve energy, energy released from an exergonic reaction can be used to drive an endergonic reaction; therefore these reactions are tied closely together. What is this relationship called?

Answer 39

Energy coupling

Question 40

The sum total of all chemical reactions taking place in a living system; both energonic and exergonic.

Answer 40

Metabolism

Question 41

_______ pathways synthesize and are typically endergonic in nature (store potential energy)

Answer 41

Anabolic

Question 42

_______ pathways degradate and are typically exergonic in nature (release kinetic energy)

Answer 42

Catabolic

Question 43

Series of chemical reactions that either builds a complex molecule or breaks down a complex molecule into a simpler compound.

Answer 43

Metabolic pathways

Question 44

Powers nearly all cellular work.

Answer 44

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)