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Biology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Basic unit of living matter separated from its environment by a plasma membrane.

The fundamental structural unit of life.

A

Cell

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2
Q

Composition of cytoplasm?

A

Cytosol and organelles

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3
Q

Spontaneous generation, or life from non living.

A

Abiogenesis

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4
Q

Life from life.

A

Biogenesis

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5
Q

The theory that all living things are composed of cells and that cells come from other cells.

A

Cell Theory

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6
Q

Measurements of cells

A

microns (micrometer μm 10 ^ -6), μ nm (nanometer)

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7
Q

The use of a microscope.

A

Microscopy

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8
Q

What are the 3 domains of life? (3)

A

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

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9
Q

What are the types of Eukarya?(4)

A
  • Protista
  • Fungi
  • Plantae
  • Animalia
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10
Q

What are the major differences between prokaryotic and eukarytoic cells? (3)

A
  • Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus while eukarotes HAVE a nucleus.
  • Size: Pro 1-10 μ. Euk 10-250 μ (much bigger!)
  • Membrane bound organelles including nucleus. (In eukarotes)
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11
Q

What limits a cells size?

A

External surface area to internal volume ratio.

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12
Q

Forms a flexible boundary between the living cell and its surroundings.

A

Plasma membrane

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13
Q

What are the advantages of membranes? (5)

A
  • Increase internal surface area without increasing external surface area
  • Compartmentalization
  • Division of labor
  • Multi tasking
  • Organizational sites for enzymes
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14
Q

Other differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes?

A
  • DNA and chromosomes
  • Ribosomes (Euk are larger)
  • Flagellar Attatchment (Pro spins; Euk ungelates or moves like a snake)
  • Cell wall composition
  • Glycocalyx
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15
Q

What are the major differences in the Eukarya kingdoms?

A
  • Cell wall
  • Nutrition
  • Plastids
  • Centrioles
  • Vessicles/Vacuoles
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16
Q

What are the functions of the cytoskeleton? (4)

A

-Support
-Shape
-Movement
Attachement

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17
Q

What are some characteristics of the cytoskeleton? (4)

A
  • 3D network
  • Mesh like
  • Dynamic
  • Protein fibers
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18
Q

5-7 nm diameter. Double strands of gobular proteins.

A

Microfilaments

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19
Q

8-10 nm diameter. Double strand of fibrous proteins.

A

Intermediate filaments

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20
Q

Function of intermediate filaments (3)

A
  • Tension bearing
  • Attachment
  • Movement
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21
Q

25 nm diameter. Double strands of globular protein (tubulin) that form a hollow tube. Extremely dynamic.

A

Microtubules

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22
Q

Functions of Microtubules (3)

A
  • Serve as RR tracks for organelles to “walk” on
  • Aid in support and movement of cilia and flagella
  • Spearates chromosomes during anaphase
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23
Q

Myosin, contractile.

Study These Flashcards
A

Thick filaments

24
Q

Double membrane bound organelle.

25
Composition of a nucleus
- Nuclear membrane - Nucleo Plasm - Nucleolus - Chromatin (super coil DNA)
26
Function of Nucleolus?
Its main function is to rewrite ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and combine it with proteins. This results in the formation of incomplete ribosomes.
27
The "canal system" of a cell. Primary function is manufacturing and modification.
Endoplasmic reticulum
28
Tubular, primarily located towards the periphery of a cell. Major functions are lip and carbohydrate synthesis, detoxification, storage.
Smooth ER
29
Not associated with ribosomes?
Smooth ER
30
Sac like, branching system. Primarily located near the nucleus. Major function is protein modification. Produces transport vesicles. Associated with ribosomes.
Rough ER
31
A membrane bound storage container?
Vesicles
32
Serve as collection site and pieces break off.
Transitional ER
33
Warehouse of the cell. Sort repackage and ship vesicles.
Golgi body
34
Types of Vesicles? (6)
- Storage/ central vacuole - Food - Waste - Contractile - Lysosomes - Perioxisomes
35
Vesicles that contain hydrolytic enzymes.
Lysosomes
36
Vesicles that contain perioxidases.
Perioxisomes
37
Difference between a vesicle and vacuole?
Vesicles are small and short lived while Vacuoles are large and permanent structures.
38
Double membrane bound organelles?
Mitochondria | Chloroplast
39
Power house of the cell.
Mitochondria
40
Mitochondria is the structures of what? (6)
- Outer membrane - Inner membrane - inter-membraneal space - Matrix - Cristae - ATP synthase complex
41
Site of photosynthesis
Chloroplasts
42
Nonmembraneous organelles?
- Cytoskeleton | - Ribosomes
43
Site of protein synthesis. Composed of 2 subunits.
-Ribosomes
44
Difference in size of Ribosomes in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes?
- Prokaryotes are Free | - Eukaryotes are free AND bound. (on rough ER)
45
What is the difference in Cilia and Flagella?
- Structurally the same - Cillia is smaller than Flagella (much bigger) - Many cillia, few flagella
46
Anchoring device for Flagella and cillia?
Basal Bodies
47
Unknown function. Structurally the same as Basal Bodies. Found only in animal cells. Located in the centrosomal region.
Centrioles
48
Found in all cells. In animals, contain centrioles. Function in spindle formation during cell division.
Centrosome
49
Both are used during cellular reproduction.
Centrioles | Centrosome
50
Glue like substance that sticks plan cells together.
Extracellular components and extracellular matrix (Glycocalax).
51
Function of Plasmodesmata?
Is a channel through the cell wall that allows molecules and substances to move back and forth as needed.
52
Types of cell junctions in animal cells? (3)
- Tight - Anchoring - Communication (GAP)
53
Liquid proofing junction
Tight
54
Hold skin together. Junction
Anchoring junction
55
Rapid transfer of materials from cell to cell. Junction
Communication (GAP)

Biology (6 decks)

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