Chapter 3 Flashcards
What is the topographic model?
the topographic model is the 3 divisions that Freud divided human personality. 1: Conscious 2: the Preconscious 3: the Unsconscious
What is the Structural model?
Freud soon believed that the topographic model provided a limited decription of the human personality. So he divided personality into the id, the ego, and the superego; the structural model.
Explain the id.
at birth this is the one personality structure. The selfish part of you, concerned with only satisfying your person desires, based on your pleasure principles. It also uses wish fulfillment to satisfy its needs.
Explain the ego.
based on the reality principle. The primary job of the ego is to satisfy the id, but in a manner that takes into consideration the realities of the world.
Explain the superego.
This represents society’s values and standard. Placing more restrictions on what we can and cannot do. Some children will fail to develop their superego due to poor child rearing practices.
Freud maintained that human behavior is motivated by strong internal forces he called Triebe, roughly translated as drives or instincts. What are the 2 major categories of instincts?
- libido - the life or sexual instincts.
2. Thanatos - the death or agressive instinct.
Define: neurotic anxiety
these are vague feelings of anxiety sparked by the sensation that unacceptable unconscious thoughts are about to burst through the awareness barrier and express themselves in consciousness.
Define: Repression
this is and active effort by the ego to push threatening material out of consciousness or to keep that material from ever reaching consciousness. (because repression is a constant, active process, it requires that the ego constantly expended energy.)
Define: Sublimation
the more we use sublimation the more productive we become. When using sublimation the ego channels threatening unconscious impulses into socially acceptable actions.
Define: Displacement
involves channeling our impulses to non-threatening objects. Displaced impulses don’t lead to social rewards.
Explain Denial
When we use denial we refuse to accept that certain facts exist. This is an extreme form of defense.
Explain Reaction Formation
When using this we hide from a threatening unconscious idea or urge by acting in a manner opposite to our unconscious desires.
Explain Intellectualization
Using this we consider something that is strictly intellectual, unemotional manner we can bring previously difficult thoughts into consciousness without anxiety.
Explain Projection
This is that sometimes we attribute an unconscious impulse to other people instead of to ourselves.
Define: Psychosexual stages of development
referring to each stage of chief characteristic that is a primary erogenous zone, and has a specific influence on adult personality.
Explain fixation:
when a child has difficulty moving through a particular phase this happens. Fixation is the trying up of psychic energy, this leave leave less energy available for normal adult functioning.
Explain Freuds first stage in the model of psychosexual stages of development.
The first model is the oral stage. The mouth, lips and tongue are the primary erogenous zones, the source of pleasure. Traumatic weanings or feeding problems will result in fixation and the development of an oral personality. Adults with oral personality tend to be depend on others.
Explain the second stage in psychosexual stages of development.
The anal stage; the anal region is the most erogenous zone during this period. Traumatic toilet training can result in fixation and an anal personality; adults with this are orderly, stubborn or generous.
Explain the third stage in psychosexual stages of development.
Phallic Stage; the penis or clitoris becomes the most erogenous zone. Children can develop an Oedipus complex in this stage; where children this age develop a sexual attraction for their opposite-sex parent.
In the Phallic stage boys will develop what and girls will develop what?
Boys develop castration anxiety- a fear that their father will discover their thoughts of their mother and cut off their penis.
Girls develop penis envy- this is a desire to have a penis, coupled with feelings of inferiority and jealousy because of its absence.
If the child resolves the Oedipus complex they will move onto what stage?
Latency stage- Sexual desires abate during these years.
After the Latency Stage is what?
the genital stage- without leaving large amounts of libido fixated at earlier stages, normal sexual functioning is possible.
What are the seven techniques Freudian psychologists might use to get at the unconscious material?
- Dreams
- Projective tests
- Free association
- Freudian Slips
- Hypnosis
- Accidents
- Symbolic Behavior
Explain: Dreams
Dreams provide id impulses with a stage for expression. They are, in fact, a type of wish fulfillment; our dreams represent the things we desire. Freud maintained that many of our unconscious thoughts and desires are represented symbolically.
