Chapter 5 Flashcards
What did Alfred Adler call his approach on personality?
he called his approach individual psychology.
-The notion of striving for superiority, the role of parental influences on personality development, and the effects of birth order.
What was the key difference between Adler and Freud?
Their description of human motivation.
Define: striving for superiority
motivation from always trying to better oneself. Striving for superiority begins with feelings of inferiority.
Explain: An inferiority complex
when the feeling of inferiority has an opposite effect. A belief that they are vastly inferior to everyone else. The result is feelings of helplesness rather than upward drive to establish superiority.
true or false? Adler place a great emphasis on the parents’ role in developing your personality.
true
Explain Pampering
parents who give their kid to much attention. Pampering robs the child of independence and adds to feelings of nferiority.
Explain Neglect
Children who recieve too little attention from their parent, grow up cold and suspicious. They are incapable of warm personal relationships.
Adlers was the first psychologist to emphasize the role of birth order in shaping personality. True or false
True.
Explain how birth order affects personality.
First borns are pampered until the second child comes along and they are dethroned from the attention. As a result, their perception of inferiority is likely to be strong. Found first borns to be problem child.
Middle child develops a strong superiority striving. Always act like it’s a race because they are always just a step behind. Middle born are highest achievers.
Last born has their problems. The most spoiled and is very dependent without personal initiative. . Vunerable to strong inferiority feelings because everyone is in their immediate environment is older and stronger.
What did Carl Jung establish?
his own school of psychology named analytic psychology.
Explain: Collective unconscious
Distinguishable from the personal unconscious. According to Jung, just as we inherit physical characteristics from our ancestors, we also inherit unconscious physical characteristics.
The collective unconscious is made up of primordial images, which are images in terms of a potential to respond to the world in a certain way.
What is another way to refer to primordial images?
-Archetypes.
Jung maintained that there are “as many archetypes as there are typical situations in life.”
Describe some important archetypes:
- Anima is the female side of the male
- Animus is the masculine side of the female.
Primary guide of these archetypes is to guide the selection of a romantic partner. We look for partners by projecting our anima or animus onto potential mates. - Shawdow contains the unconscious part of ourselves that is essentially negative, or to continue the metaphore, the dark side of our personalities.
What is Jung’s evidence for the Collective Unconscious?
the theory is difficult to examine with scientific research. Jung maintained that primordial images are often expressed in dreams.
What did Erik Erikson believe?
He believed that the ego performed many constructive functions. The ego is a relatively powerful, independent part of personality. His approach to personality has been called ego psychology.
According to Erikson what is the main principal function of the ego?
-To establish and maintain a sense of identity.
Define: Identity crisis
this phrase is used to refer to the confusion and despair we feel when we lack a strong sense of who we are.
What are the 8 stages that we progress through that develops our personality according to Erikson.
- Basic trust vs mistrust
- autonomy vs shame and doubt
- Initiative vs Guilt
- Industry vs Inferiority
- Identity vs Role Confusion
- Intimacy vs isolation
- Generativity vs stagnation
- Ego integrity vs despair
Explain basic trust vs mistrust
The child whose needs are met develops a sense of basic trust. Some infants never recieve the loving care they need. As a result, they develop a sense of basic mistrust. These children begin a lifelong pattern of suspicion about and withdrawal from other people.
Explain: Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
when children are allowed to control and manipulate what they encounter they get a sense of autonomy. They feel powerful & independent. People with a sense of autonomy are confident that they can navigate their way through the sea of obstacles and challenges life has in store for them. Overprotective parents can hinder development at this age. Children develop feelings of shame and doubt. They are unsure of themselves and become dependent on others.
Explain: Initiative vs Guilt
Children who seek out playmates and who learn how to organize games and other social activities develop a sense of initiative. Develop a sense of ambition and purpose. Children who fail to develop a sense of initiative come through this stage with feelings of guilt and resignation. They may lack a sense of purpose and show few signs of initiative in social or other situations
Explain: Industry vs Inferiority
If children experience success, feelings of competence grow that set them well on to their way of becoming active and achieving members of society. Experiences with failure lead to feelings of inadequecy and to poor prognosis for productivity and happiness. We develop a sense of industry; a belief in our strenghs and abilities or senses of a sense of inferiority; and a lack of appreciation for our talents and skills.
Explain: Identity vs Role Confusion
As children grow they as themselves who am I? and develop a sense of identity. Many teens fail to develop this sense and instead fall into role confusion.
Explain: Intimacy vs Isolation
Young men and women search for that special relationship within which to develop intimacy and grow emotonally. People who fail to develop intimacy during this stage face emotional isolation. They may avoid emotional commitment. The single-persons’ lifestyle has its advantages and may be pleasant for awhile, but failure to move beyond this lifestyle can seriously inhibit emotional growth and happiness.
