Chapter 4 Flashcards
Define: Recurrent dream
A dream that we have had before.
-the dream reappears night after night because the conflict in the dream is important yet remains unresolved.
What two kinds of sleep do mammals experience?
- REM sleep- rapid eye movements; usually accompanied by rapidly moving eyes underneath closed lids. Most adults spend 1 1/2 -2 hrs a night in REM sleep, spread over several periods.
- Non-REM sleep -
- REM sleep is filled with dreams while, non REM sleep has significantly fewer dreams.
What is the rebound effect? (regarding sleep)
-people deprived of REM sleep one night typically respond by increasing their amount of REM sleep the next night.
True or False? we are said to regularly employ a wide range of defenses, yet, by definition, have no awareness that we are doing so.
True.
Many researchers turn to projective tests to uncover defense mechanism; true or false?
True.
Explain the defense mechanism called Identification:
People who use identification associate themselves with powerful and successful individuals. This is said to fend off feeling of inadequacy and helplessness.
What is Denial?
Consists of disavowing certain facts, from failure to see reality to distorting one’s memory, thereby reducing the anxiety associated with a traumatic event.
What is projection?
Projection protects us from threatening anxiety by attributing unacceptable thoughts and feelings to someone else.
Define: Sublimation
turning the unconscious impulses into socially acceptable action, can serve the dual function of relieving anxiety and improving a person’s life situation.
Define: Tendentious jokes
the ones that provide insight into the unconscious of the joke teller as well as the person who laughs.
What are the two types of Tendentious jokes?
- ones dealing with hostility
- ones dealing with sex
Explain catharis.
-Descriptions of aggressive or sexual behavior create tension. The punch line allows a release of that tension. We get pleasure from many jokes not because they are clever or witty but because they reduce tension and anxiety. “Strictly speaking, we do not know what we are laughing at.”
True or False? the more tension people experience before a punch line, the funnier they’ll find the joke. If that is the case then a nervous slightly frightened person is more likely to enjoy a joke than someone who is calm and therefore tensionless.
True!
Humor is often the result of incongruity, Explain.
that is, we find a situation funny when what happens is inconsistent with what we expect.
Define: Neodissociation theory
deeply hypnotized people experience a division of their conscious. One part of their conscious enters a type of altered state, but the other part remains aware of what is going on.
True or False: People argue that there is nothing a person can do under hypnosis that cannot be done without hypnosis.
True
Define: Absorption
Have the ability to become highly involved in sensory and imaginative experiences. They are open to new experiences and are prone to fantasies and daydreams.
- This is the most successful trait that predicts hypnosis responsiveness.
3 Important variables that affect hypnotic responsiveness are?
- Attitude
- Motivation
- Expectancy
What are the 3 types of adult anxiety?
- objectives (realistic external threat)
- neurotic (id-ego conflict)
- moral (id-superego conflict)
List and define the types of defense mechanisms.
- Denial: person does not acknowlege a threatening expereince
- Repression: actively and totally excluding threatening thoughts from consciousness
- Regression: person repeats a behavior that led to satisfaction in an early stage of development
- Reaction formation: overemphasis on acting or thinking in ways opposite to a threatening impulse
- Projection: person unconsciously attributed own unacceptable impulses onto someone or something else.
- Displacement: shifting an impulse from a threatening event or person to something less threatening
- Rationalization: person unconsciously finds a sensible reason or excuse for performing or thinking about unacceptable behavior
- Sublimation: unacceptable desires are channeled into socially acceptable outlets.
Levels of dream content:
- Manifest: what a person can remember
- Latent: leads to manifest content, what we remember is never what the dream is actually about
- Symbols: universal meaning in all dreams
What is the goal of psychoanalysis
to make the unconscious, conscious
what are the 4 processes involved in psychoanalysis
- free association
- resistance
- interpretation
- insight
explain free association
patient says whatever comes to mind
