Chapter 3

Question 1

Moore’s Law

Answer 1

performance of a chip doubles every 2.5 years –> uses chip-based technology

Question 2

chip-based technology

Answer 2

integrated circulation of transistors

Question 3

transistor

Answer 3

amplifies or switches electronic signals –> input is either switched on or off

Question 4

6 waves of computing

Answer 4

1. computers invented –> filled a whole room (large companies and authorities)
2. Moore’s law became applicable –> computers have the size of refrigerator and become faster and cheaper
3. almost every manager has a computer and the internet emerges –> majority of the people have a computer as data sharing around the world became possible
4. user-friendly interfaces operated with a mouse
5. simple mobile phones become popular
6. now

Question 5

Lecture timeline of waves

Answer 5

1. Mainframe era: centralised data processing systems –> transistors are used (1 wave)
2. introduction of minicomputers: decentralised computing (2 wave)
3. personal computing era: first personal computer –> computers are used at home and at the office (3+4 wave)
4. client-server era: client-server model is created

Question 6

microprocessor

Answer 6

ensures the execution of programs –> brain of the computer that executes the commands

Question 7

random access memory (RAM)

Answer 7

memory for which data disappears when it is turned of –> extremely fast as it is powered by chips and transistors

Question 8

volatile memory

Answer 8

memory for which data disappears when it is turned of

Question 9

flash/ SSD-disk

Answer 9

non-volatile memory –> robust and expensive

Question 10

hard disk drive

Answer 10

non-volatile memory –> rotating magnetic disk!

Question 11

optical data storage devices

Answer 11

have an optical reader that reads data from the disk

Question 12

multicore processor

Answer 12

has two or more working cores –> two computers working simultaneously (people lifting a table)

Question 13

supercomputers

Answer 13

among the fastest computers in the world

Question 14

massively parallel processing

Answer 14

computers exists of many microprocessors that joint and simultaneously work to solve problems

Question 15

grid computing

Answer 15

combining the computing power of many normal computers to joint carry out a task using specialised software

Question 16

cluster computing

Answer 16

computers are linked together to do tasks together –> much more closely linked and by special software and network hardware –> servers can also work together

Question 17

digital subscriber line

Answer 17

cable through which the telephone network enters houses

Question 18

cable broadband

Answer 18

television signal to houses

Question 19

data format

Answer 19

rules for the data that will be sent

Question 20

data transmission

Answer 20

ensures the exchange of data

Question 21

internet backbone

Answer 21

largest data collections on the internet

Question 22

last mile

Answer 22

technologies that connect users to the internet

Question 23

Amdahl’s law

Answer 23

the speed of any network component is determined by the speed of the slowest component

Question 24

broadband

Answer 24

super fast internet connections

Question 25

bandwidth

Answer 25

network transmission speed

Question 26

HTTP

Answer 26

between web browsers

Question 27

SMTP

Answer 27

exchange of emails

Question 28

FTP

Answer 28

exchange of files

Question 29

peer-to-peer model

Answer 29

participant is both supplier and consumer of resources

Question 30

client-server model

Answer 30

servers and consumers differ from eachother --> servers are always active and wait for a consumer to come onlien

Question 31

application transfer protocol (ATP)

Answer 31

http, SMTP of FTP

Question 32

host

Answer 32

www

Question 33

load balancing

Answer 33

load balancing improves the distribution of workloads across multiple computing resources, such as computers

Question 34

domain name

Answer 34

brand or company

Question 35

cybersquatting

Answer 35

domains of well-known brands are reserved with the purpose of selling them later

Question 36

top-level domain name

Answer 36

country or type of industry

Question 37

path

Answer 37

to get to the right tab of the website

Question 38

network address translation (NAT)

Answer 38

ensures that multiple devices share the same IP address

Question 39

domain name service (DNS)

Answer 39

translates domain names to IP addresses

Question 40

peering

Answer 40

when internet providers exchange data for free at the internet exchange points

Question 41

colocation facility

Answer 41

a place where peering takes place

Question 42

infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

Answer 42

the user gets access to hardware like computers, storage and network facilities --> least extensive form as the user still has to develop software and applications (Most customisation!)

Question 43

platform as a service (PaaS)

Answer 43

access to complete development and implementation environment

Question 44

software as a service (SaaS)

Answer 44

most complete cloud computing: end users! receives a complete online service