Chapter 9

Question 1

botnet

Answer 1

a network of private computers infected with malicious software and controlled as a group without the owners’ knowledge

Question 2

Distributed Denial of Service attack

Answer 2

many hacked computers send a large number of simultaneous request to the server, causing servers to become overloaded and crash

Question 3

hacktivism

Answer 3

people want to make a political statement by using technological means

Question 4

data harvesters

Answer 4

criminals who only steal data to resell them

Question 5

cash-out fraudster

Answer 5

someone who buys data from a data harvester

Question 6

white hat hacker

Answer 6

good natured hacker

Question 7

black hat hacker

Answer 7

cybercriminal

Question 8

social engineering

Answer 8

forger who impersonates an identity of a person or company in which people or companies are fooled

Question 9

spear phishing attack

Answer 9

when there is a focus on a specific target group

Question 10

spoofed message

Answer 10

messages which pretend to be from a friend

Question 11

zero-day exploits

Answer 11

attacks that are so new that they have not been processed in security systems yet

Question 12

biometrics

Answer 12

technologies that measure human characteristics

Question 13

SQL injection technique

Answer 13

people can be registered and removed from the file of a website

Question 14

intrusion detection system

Answer 14

help to stop these types of criminals (SQL injection technique criminals) because this type of software specialises in identifying unauthorised behavior

Question 15

malware

Answer 15

malicious software that searches for weak spots in a security system

Question 16

worm

Answer 16

damages other software or files whereby the worm independently finds its way

Question 17

trojan

Answer 17

malware that tries to penetrate by pretending to be something else

Question 18

malicious adware

Answer 18

programs that provide unwanted advertisements

Question 19

CAPTCHA’s

Answer 19

tasks you must perform to prove that you are a human and not a computer

Question 20

RAM scraping or storage scanning software

Answer 20

a code that scans the computer memory to find sensitive data

Question 21

ransomware

Answer 21

users must pay money to regain access to these files

Question 22

blended threat

Answer 22

when multiple types of malware to plan an attack are used

Question 23

brute force attack

Answer 23

trying all passwords to enter an account

Question 24

public key encryption

Answer 24

there is public key that is used when locking data. People that have a separate, private key that they can use to access the data

Question 25

certificate authority

Answer 25

party that authenticates the encryption by means of the public key

Question 26

dumpster diving

Answer 26

searching waste for valuable data

Question 27

shoulder surfing

Answer 27

valuable data is gathered by observing people

Question 28

patch

Answer 28

software update that improves security shortcomings