Chapter 3

Question 1

cardiorespiratory system

Answer 1

composed of the respiratory and cardiovascular system

Question 2

cardiovascular system

Answer 2

Blood vessels, blood, and the heart

Question 3

Arteries

Answer 3

carry blood away from the heart to rest of body

Question 4

veins

Answer 4

return blood to the heart form rest of body

Question 5

stroke volume

Answer 5

the amount of blood pumped out the heart with each contraction

Question 6

cardiac output equation

Answer 6

heart rate x stroke volume, the overall performance of the heart

Question 7

sinoatrial node (SA node)

Answer 7

the “pacemaker” of the heart because it initiates heartbeat

Question 8

What is the typical heart rate for an adult

Answer 8

70-80 BPM

Question 9

What is the role of the right atrium

Answer 9

receives blood coming from the body (oxygen poor)

Question 10

what is the role of the left atrium?

Answer 10

receives the blood (oxygen-rich) that comes from the lungs and heart

Question 11

Right ventricle

Answer 11

thinner walls, only pumps blood back to heart and the lungs

Question 12

left ventricle

Answer 12

thicker walls, much higher pressure pump, pushes blood to rest of the body

Question 13

functions of blood

Answer 13

protection, regulation transportation

Question 14

protection of blood

Answer 14

white blood cells protect your body against diseases and blood clotting helps with fluid loss

Question 15

regulation of blood

Answer 15

blood helps keep a stable body temperature, electrolyte and water level as well as PH

Question 16

transportation function of blood

Answer 16

transports nutrients and oxygen to the cells of the body and takes away CO2 and waste from cells, delivers hormones to specific tissues

Question 17

muscles in the respiratory pump for inhalation

Answer 17

inhalation: scalene muscles, pack minor, sternocleidomastoid, diaphragm

Question 18

muscles in the respiratory pump for exhalation

Answer 18

internal intercostals and abdominal muscles

Question 19

Cycle of inhalation for the respiratory pump

Answer 19

The thoracic cavity expands new
The pressure within the pleural cavities drop
This pulls air to the lungs
It also brings blood into the IVC and the right atrium from the smaller veins that exist in the abdominal cavity

Question 20

cycle of exhalation for the respiratory pump

Answer 20

exhalation: The pressure in the pleural cavities rise
This forces blood into the right atrium
This is important especially for heavy exercises

Question 21

atrioventricular node (AV node)

Answer 21

A small mass
of specialized cardiac
muscle fibers, located
in the wall of the right
atrium of the heart,
that receives heartbeat
impulses from the
sinoatrial node and
directs them to the

Question 22

why is the right side of the heart referred to as the pulmonic side?

Answer 22

Th e right side of the heart is referred to as the pulmonic side because
it receives blood from the body that is low in O 2
and high in CO 2
(deoxygenated) and
pumps it to the lungs and then back to the left atria.

Question 23

bood vessels

Answer 23

Network
of hollow tubes that
circulates blood
throughout the body.

Question 24

capillaries

Answer 24

site of exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and the tissues

Question 25

arterioles

Answer 25

Small terminal branches of an artery, which end in capillaries.

Question 26

respiratory system

Answer 26

``` A system of organs (the lungs and respiratory passageways) that collects oxygen from the external environment and transports it to the bloodstream. ```

Question 27

purpose of ventilation

Answer 27

to move air in and out of the body

Question 28

VO2 max

Answer 28

``` The highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization achieved at maximal physical exertion. (V. o 2 ) is approximately 3.5 mL of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute (3.5 mL · kg –1 · min –1 ), typically termed 1 metabolic equivalent or 1 MET ( 3 , 5 , 7 , 10 , 14 – 16 ). It is calculated as follows: V . o 2 Q . a v o 2 diff erence ```

Question 29

What may be the best measure of cardiorespiratory fitness?

Answer 29

maximal oxygen consumption

Question 30

what is the range for VO2 max

Answer 30

V. o2max values can range anywhere from 40 to | 80 mL · kg –1 · min –1 , or approximately 11 to 23 METs

Question 31

tests for VO2 max

Answer 31

Some of the tests that can be used to predict V. o 2max include the Rockport Walk Test, the Step Test, and the YMCA bike protocol test

Question 32

venules

Answer 32

The very small veins that connect capillaries to the larger veins.

Question 33

arterioles

Answer 33

Small terminal branches of an artery, which end in capillaries.