Chapter 3

Question 1

What is the scrotum?

Answer 1

Contains the testicles

Question 2

What is the seminal vesicle?

Answer 2

secretes fluid to be mixed with the sperm

Question 3

What is the prostate?

Answer 3

A gland that surronds a portion of the urethra; produces seminal fluid to nourish the sperm (in conjunction with the seminal vesicle)

Question 4

What is the vas deferens?

Answer 4

A duct (muscular tube) in which the sperm is transported from the epididymis to the urethra

Question 5

What is the uterus?

Answer 5

The home of the baby?!

Question 6

What are the fallopian tubes?

Answer 6

Fine tubes leading from the ovaries to the uterus

Question 7

What is the endometrium?

Answer 7

The lining of the uterus

Question 8

What are the ovaries?

Answer 8

Contain the mother’s gentic material

Question 9

What is the cervix?

Answer 9

“Gate” between the vaginal canal and the uterus

Question 10

What is the vagina?

Answer 10

Elastic organ extending from the vulva to the cervix

Question 11

What is the prenatal development principle “cephalocaudal”?

Answer 11

The fetus grows from the head to the tail

Question 12

What is the prenatal development principle “proximodistal”?

Answer 12

The fetus grows from the middle to the outside (chest to limbs)

Question 13

What is the prenatal development principle of mass to specific sequence?

Answer 13

Large structures will appear before smaller ones (ex: fingers before fingernails)

Question 14

What are the 3 periods of the 1st trimester?

Answer 14

Zygote (1-2 weeks)
Embryo (3-8 weeks)
Fetus (9-12 weeks)

Question 15

What is the period of the 2nd semester?

Answer 15

Fetus (13-24 weeks)

Question 16

What is the period of the 3rd trimester?

Answer 16

Fetus (25-38 weeks)

Question 17

What happens in the germinal stage? (0-2 weeks - zygote)

Answer 17

Fertilization (union of sperm and ovum)

Implantation (blastocyst adheres to the wall of the uterus)

Question 18

What happens in the embryonic stage? (3-8 weeks - embryo)

Answer 18

The blastocyst becomes an embryo once its adhered
It contains the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, which will become the neural groove and the neural tube around 20 days.
After about a month, the heartbeat appears, the brain develops and the genital organs develop

Question 19

What are the 3 first parts of the brain to develop?

Answer 19

Forebrain, Midbrain and Hindbrain

Question 20

What happens throughout the 1st 30-60 days?

Answer 20

The brain regions start to differentiate

Question 21

What happens in the fetal stage? (week 9 until birth - fetus)

Answer 21

The amniotic sac, fluid, the umbilical cord, and the placenta are all developed, and the body is mostly developped

Question 22

What is the role of the amniotic sac and its fluid?

Answer 22

Protect and nourish the fetus

Question 23

What is the role of the umbilical cord?

Answer 23

Connecting the fetus to the placenta

Question 24

What is the role of the placenta?

Answer 24

Involved in exchanging nutrients, oxygen and waste

Question 25

What is the lanugo?

Answer 25

Fuzzy hairs covering the fetus' body (so that the vernix can stick to it)

Question 26

What is the vernix?

Answer 26

Cheese-like substance that covers the body to protect the skin from constant exposure to the amniotic fluid

Question 27

What happens throughout the 8th and 9th months of pregnancy?

Answer 27

Baby has a significant weight gain, and the fetus rotates head down

Question 28

What happens throughout the 5th and 7th months of pregnancy?

Answer 28

Baby starts to move, lanugo and vernix develop, and the baby is in a fetal position

Question 29

What are teratogens?

Answer 29

Threats during pregnancy that can compromise the development of the child

Question 30

Name teratogens

Answer 30

``` Drugs, medication, alcool, tobacco Maternal distress Maternal infectious diseases Genetic disorders Environmental radiation ```

Question 31

What is an ultrasound?

Answer 31

Using high frequency sound waves to capture images of the baby and the uterus

Question 32

What is the Alpha-fetoprotein test?

Answer 32

detect birth defects via analyse of the levels of AFP | drawing blood

Question 33

What is the Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)?

Answer 33

detect birth defects via analyse of a sample of placenta | Trying to detect a certain bacteria in the placenta

Question 34

What is Amniocentesis

Answer 34

checking for baby's health, paternity, genetic diseases, etc: not automatically performed

Question 35

What can a mother experience in the 1st trimester of pregnancy?

Answer 35

- Headaches, fatigue, morning sickness, etc | - Miscarriages are more prevalent

Question 36

What can a mother experience in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy?

Answer 36

- Feeling better physically - Maternity clothes - Baby's movements - Feelings of attachment

Question 37

What can a mother experience in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy?

Answer 37

- Leg cramps, backaches, insomnia - unpleasant irregular uterine contractions - anxious anticipation

Question 38

What are the 3 steps of childbirth?

Answer 38

1. Dilatation/effacement of cervix 2. Delivery of the baby 3. Expulsion of placenta

Question 39

What are 3 threats during childbirth?

Answer 39

Cervix not fully dilated Breech position Anoxia

Question 40

What is breech position?

Answer 40

When a baby is turned so that the buttocks or fett would be delivered 1st

Question 41

What is anoxia?

Answer 41

inadequate oxygen supply during labor and delivery

Question 42

What is episiotomy?

Answer 42

Making an incision in the vaginal opening to allow for delivery of the baby more easily

Question 43

What is an epidural?

Answer 43

Numbing of the lower body to allow for a more easy childbirth

Question 44

What is a c-section?

Answer 44

Delivery of the baby by medical incision in the uterus

Question 45

What is an isolette?

Answer 45

Where we put babies after childbirth (usually premature babies)

Question 46

What is the APGAR scale?

Answer 46

A method to quickly evaluate the health of a new born child

Question 47

Drugs + consistently associated w negative outcomes

Answer 47

Cocaine, crack, heroin ("hard" drugs)

Question 48

What is the danger of taking drugs during pregnancy?

Answer 48

Baby becomes addicted (drug fed to the children through placenta)

Question 49

What is phocomelia?

Answer 49

malformation of the limbs due to consumption of thalidomide (taken to alleviate morning sickness)

Question 50

What is fetal alcohol syndrome?

Answer 50

Various birth defects associated with alcohol consumption during pregnancy

Question 51

What is the neonatal abstinence syndrome?

Answer 51

withdrawl symptoms the baby experiences when it is born; because the mother's consumption of drugs/alcohol made the baby addicted while it was in the womb

Question 52

How many points on the APGAR scale is considered dangerous for the baby?

Answer 52

Below 7