Chapter 3

Question 1

At birth, the average infant weighs:

Answer 1

7.5 lbs

Question 2

Typical 2-year-olds are already:

Answer 2

50 percent of their adult height

Question 3

Over the first few months of infancy, the amount of time spent in REM (dreaming) sleep:

Answer 3

decreases

Question 4

Which of the following reflexes is seen when an infant is startled?

Answer 4

Moro

Question 5

Which of the following is a gross motor skill?

1) breathing
2) grasping
3) crawling
4) blinking

Answer 5

crawling

Question 6

95% of all babies master walking by ____ months.

Answer 6

15

Question 7

A process that stimulates the body’s immune system to defend against attack by a particular contagious disease is:

Answer 7

immunization

Question 8

SIDS rates in the United States are:

Answer 8

declining

Question 9

What is colostrum?

Answer 9

a thick, high-calorie fluid secreted by the woman’s breasts for about the first three days following the birth of her child

Question 10

Piaget’s first period of cognitive development highlights that:

1) all are correct
2) infants’ motor skills and senses are the conduits for learning
3) at birth, infants are active learners
4) infants learn through adaptation

Answer 10

all are correct

Question 11

During which of Piaget’s stages of sensorimotor development does adaptation first occur?

Answer 11

stage 2

Question 12

Tertiary circular reactions are characterized by toddlers who:

Answer 12

engage in “pretend play.”

Question 13

What is an infant’s first means of communication?

Answer 13

crying

Question 14

A sudden increase in an infant’s vocabulary, especially nouns, is referred to as:

Answer 14

naming explosion

Question 15

Children begin to use two-word combinations by age:

Answer 15

21 months

Question 16

Which of the following may result in brain damage, coma, or death?

Answer 16

shaken baby syndrome

Question 17

What is true regarding isolation and deprivation?

Answer 17

Isolation and sensory deprivation can harm the developing brain.

Question 18

According to the text, an overabundance of stress hormones early in life:

Answer 18

leaves the brain incapable of normal emotional responses

Question 19

An example of a fine motor skill is:

Answer 19

grabbing

Question 20

On average, which of the following is the last gross motor skill to develop?

Answer 20

stand alone

Question 21

Which of the following best explains the inability of a 3-month-old to successfully reach out to grab and hold an object?

Answer 21

a lack of coordination

Question 22

The DTaP vaccine protects against:

Answer 22

diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis

Question 23

Breast-feeding reduces the risk of:

Answer 23

asthma, cancer & diabetes

Question 24

The term used to describe an infant’s thought process that relies on senses and motor skills is:

Answer 24

sensorimotor intelligence

Question 25

A sequence in which an infant perceives another's action and then performs the same action later is called:

Answer 25

deferred imitation

Question 26

Piaget believed that object permanence emerges at about:

Answer 26

8 months

Question 27

At what age do most babies understand and interpret pointing?

Answer 27

10 months

Question 28

Children begin to use two-word combinations by age:

Answer 28

21 months

Question 29

When do infants begin learning language?

Answer 29

before birth

Question 30

What area of the brain assists in planning, self-control, and self-regulation?

Answer 30

frontal cortex

Question 31

Romanian orphans who were adopted by 6 months of age:

Answer 31

developed normally.

Question 32

can see only objects between 4 and 30 inches away

Answer 32

newborns

Question 33

By 3 months, babies have enough muscle control to:

Answer 33

sit with support

Question 34

According to your text, early sensation appears to be organized toward which two goals?

Answer 34

social interaction and comfort

Question 35

International health organizations recommend that mothers exclusively breast-feed for the first:

Answer 35

4-6 months

Question 36

The most significant factor contributing to the decline of SIDS deaths is:

Answer 36

laying babies down to sleep on their backs

Question 37

In the United States, ______ of infants are breast-fed at birth, but only ______ are breast-fed at 6 months.

Answer 37

two-thirds; one-third

Question 38

Regarding the visual cliff experiment, even 3-month-olds notice the difference between a solid surface and an apparent cliff. However, one affordance of the cliff, falling, is realized only after:

Answer 38

infants start crawling

Question 39

Tertiary circular reactions are characterized by:

Answer 39

active exploration and experimentation.

Question 40

Toddlers ages 16 to 20 months are able to:

Answer 40

all of these: 1) demonstrate deferred imitation 2) use several kinds of memory 3) think conceptually

Question 41

The term “holophrase” refers to:

Answer 41

a single word that expresses a complete thought.

Question 42

The high-pitched, simplified, and repetitive way in which adults speak to infants is sometimes called:

Answer 42

child-directed speech

Question 43

Which theorist coined the term “language acquisition device”?

Answer 43

Chomsky

Question 44

Five-year-old Marisol becomes furious after minor incidents with her peers. Her inability to deal with normal stress may be related to the _______ of stress hormones in her brain during infancy.

Answer 44

overproduction

Question 45

At birth, the brain has ____________________.

Answer 45

billions of neurons

Question 46

At 12 months, Toni was malnourished. His body stopped growing, but his brain did not. This supports the concept of:

Answer 46

head-sparing

Question 47

The ability to coordinate two eyes to see one image is called:

Answer 47

binocular vision

Question 48

Which substance is secreted from a woman's breasts for the first three days following birth?

Answer 48

colostrum

Question 49

The MMR vaccine protects against:

Answer 49

measles, mumps, and rubella

Question 50

In an experiment, 3-month-old infants could remember one week later to kick their legs to make a crib mobile move, but many could not remember to do it two weeks later. This research indicates that:

Answer 50

memory is fragile early in life

Question 51

Piaget's term for the stage-five toddler who experiments without anticipating the results is the:

Answer 51

little scientist

Question 52

Primary circular reactions involve:

Answer 52

the infant's own body

Question 53

Scholars have attempted to integrate theories of language development (social-pragmatic theory, innate abilities, and behaviorism) into one theory known as:

Answer 53

hybrid theory

Question 54

Cries, movements, and facial expressions are examples of:

Answer 54

reflexive communication

Question 55

Word order, prefixes, suffixes, intonation, verb forms, pronouns, negations, prepositions, and articles are called:

Answer 55

grammar

Question 56

The average newborn triples his weight by:

Answer 56

1 year

Question 57

The process through which unused and misconnected dendrites atrophy and die is called:

Answer 57

pruning

Question 58

The reflex that allows newborns to grip so tightly is the:

Answer 58

Palmar grasping reflex

Question 59

Gross motor skills are defined by:

Answer 59

large movements

Question 60

Infants develop binocular vision at about what age?

Answer 60

3 months

Question 61

Research on SIDS has shown that babies should be:

Answer 61

put to sleep on their backs.

Question 62

The behavior of an infant in sensorimotor stage four might best be described as:

Answer 62

deliberate

Question 63

Which of the following theories compares human thinking processes to the processes of a computer?

Answer 63

information-processing theory

Question 64

At approximately what age will a child begin to utter her first two-word sentences?

Answer 64

21 months

Question 65

The idea that “multiple attentional, social and linguistic cues” contribute to early language learning supports the idea of:

Answer 65

a hybrid theory of language learning.

Question 66

An average, or standard, measurement, calculated from many individuals within a specific group or population is known as a:

Answer 66

norm

Question 67

Emily, who is now 12 months old, has slept in her parents' bed since she was born. This custom is called:

Answer 67

co-sleeping

Question 68

When one-month-old Lily is held upright with her feet touching a flat surface, she should:

Answer 68

move her legs as if to walk

Question 69

Most babies learn to grab and hold onto objects by about:

Answer 69

6 months

Question 70

At what point in development is the sense of hearing already quite acute?

Answer 70

at birth

Question 71

Sensorimotor stage four is the stage of:

Answer 71

new adaptation and anticipation

Question 72

An illusion of a drop between one surface and another is called a(n):

Answer 72

visual cliff

Question 73

Infants' repetition of certain syllables at the age of about 6 or 7 months is called:

Answer 73

babbling

Question 74

After the child's vocabulary has reached about 50 words, the vocabulary increases by approximately ______ words per month.

Answer 74

50–100