Chapter 3: Biological Basis of Behaviour

Question 1

Glia

Answer 1

Provide nutrients, clean-up debris, structural support, insulation, communication, produce cerebral spinal fluid, and form blood-brain barrier

Question 2

What are the SuperStars of the Nervous Systems?

Answer 2

Glia

Question 3

Myelin Sheath

Answer 3

Speeds up Transmission

Question 4

Terminal Button

Answer 4

end of axon, secretes neurotransmitters

Question 5

Synapses

Answer 5

Point at which the neurons interconnect

Question 6

Presynaptic Neuron

Answer 6

The neuron that is sending a message

Question 7

Postsynaptic Neuron

Answer 7

The neuron that is receiving the message

Question 8

“Resting State”

Answer 8

when the neuron has a slight negative charge.

Question 9

Lock-and-key term

Answer 9

Neurotransmitters will only bind to specific synapses.

Question 10

Acetylcholine

Answer 10

Necessary for muscle movements. Found in all muscle junctures.

Question 11

Monoamines

Answer 11

Involved in mood regulation. Ex: Dopamine, seratonine, Norepinephrine.

Question 12

Endorphins

Answer 12

Released into the brain in response to bone injury. It helps to reduce the experiences of pain.

Question 13

“Physiological Grace Period”

Answer 13

when a person doesn’t feel the full extent of pain until after they’ve gotten into danger. Dulls the sensation of pain

Question 14

Agonist

Answer 14

A drug that mimics or increases a neurotransmitters’ effects

Question 15

Antagonist

Answer 15

A drug that can block a neurotransmitters effects

Question 16

Electroencephalogram (EG)

Answer 16

Different states of consciousness are associated with different types of brain activity. Used in Research and Clinically

Question 17

Hans Berger

Answer 17

Interested in “telepathy” and studied the electrical activity of the cortex.

Question 18

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

Answer 18

Increases or decreases excitability of neurons. Used in Research and Clinically

Question 19

“Virtual Leisions”

Answer 19

Result of TMS

Question 20

Provides an opportunity for researchers to figure out what areas of the brain are associated with what sorts of functions

Answer 20

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

Question 21

CT (CAT)

Answer 21

X-Rays are taken from various angles of the brain. Then a computer creates a 3D image of those angles. Often used in Research and Clinical purposes

Question 22

Positron Emission Tomography “Pet Scan”

Answer 22

Radioactive isotopes (small amounts) are placed in the blood. Sensors detect radioactivity.

Question 23

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Answer 23

Magnetic fields align certain ions and compounds. when a field is removed, these molecules release energy as radio waves. Computer then calculates tissue density from radio waves resulting in clear 3D images. Mainly used for Research purposes

Question 24

Hippocampus

Answer 24

Used in processing, consolidating memories and visual spatial processing

Question 25

The Automatic Nervous System

Answer 25

Controls the smooth muscles that you don’t give a lot of thought too. (2 divisions)

Question 26

Sympathetic Nervous System (1st division)

Answer 26

Non-essential functions slow down essential functions to help you cope with the situation increase so your heart rate, respiration increases. Other words, Activates your body

Question 27

Parasympathetic Nervous System (2nd division)

Answer 27

Conserve energy. Heart rate slows down, respiration rate will slow, your digestion will start back up again.

Question 28

Cerebellum

Answer 28

Extends from rear of hindbrain. Motor control centre

Question 29

Pons

Answer 29

Located bridge in hindbrain. Particularly important to REM sleep.

Question 30

Hindbrain

Answer 30

Referred to as the “relay station”. Small area located in the brain.

Question 31

Hindbrain is responsible for

Answer 31

Integrating information that is coming through your various senses

Question 32

Limbic System

Answer 32

The seed of motivation and emotion

Question 33

Left Hemisphere

Answer 33

Generally tends to respond to individual units. responds more analytically to information than the right hemisphere

Question 34

Right Hemisphere

Answer 34

Seems to processes more visual and spatial information. information seems to respond more holistically.

Question 35

One part of the Hemisphere that processes humor

Answer 35

Right Hemisphere

Question 36

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 36

The outermost layer of the brain. Surrounded by a thin layer of neural tissue

Question 37

Frontal Lobe

Answer 37

Referred to as the central executive part of the brain. The part of the brain that allows your to plan, solve problems, make decisions, behave morally

Question 38

Central Executive System

Answer 38

Directs attention and allows you to pay attention, direct attention to other things as the need arises

Question 39

Motor Cortex

Answer 39

It is the part of the brain that sends messages to your muscles to move them

Question 40

Structural Plasticity

Answer 40

The actual structure of the brain changes in response to experiences

Question 41

Functional Plasticity

Answer 41

The brain changes where its controlling certain aspects of life

Question 42

Mirror Neurons

Answer 42

Allows us to experience and learn from other people. It is important to human functioning

Question 43

Mirror Touch Empathy

Answer 43

An activation of the somatosensory cortex int eh same part of their body as they see somebody else injured in

Question 44

Emotional Empathy

Answer 44

When you really feel for another person. putting yourself in their shoes and you’re feeling their pain emotionally

Question 45

Occipital Lobe

Answer 45

Involved in processing visual information

Question 46

Temporal Lobe

Answer 46

Located above your ear. Involved in processing information

Question 47

“Freesol”

Answer 47

Experienced as pleasure, felt in response to music.