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Psychology > Chapter 7 Memory > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Memory Flashcards

1
Q

Encoding

A

getting information from memory into Storage

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2
Q

Storage

A

holding information over time (short term/long term)

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3
Q

Retrieval

A

getting information out of storage

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4
Q

Forgetting

A

Memory is sometimes temporarily forgotten purely because it cannot be retrieved

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5
Q

Encoding is dependent on..

A

paying attention when it comes to long term storage

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6
Q

Deep level processing

A

focusing on the meaning of the wording or coding

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7
Q

Shallow level processing

A

focusing on the structure of the wording or coding in processing of information

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8
Q

Structural Processing

A

The word printed in Capital Letters (what it looks like)

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9
Q

Phenomic Processing

A

Does the word rhyme with___? (the sound)

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10
Q

Semantic Processing

A

Does the word fit the sentence?(superior/the meaning)

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11
Q

Enriching Encoding

A

linking a stimulus to other info at the time of encoding

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12
Q

Self-Referent Encoding

A

When you’re taking the information and applying it to you directly

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13
Q

Visual Imagery

A

when you generate an image having to do with whatever it is that you’re trying to remember

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14
Q

Tactile Sensory Memory

A

Feel something even after the stimulus is removed. You continue to feel that touch on your hand

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15
Q

Sensory Memory

A

1) It stores enormous amounts of information

2) For only a very brief period of time Storage and Forgetting

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16
Q

Iconic Memory

A

Visual

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17
Q

Echoic Memory

A

Auditory

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18
Q

Short Term Memory

A

Referred to as “working memory” because it is holding on to whatever is in your mind within this point in time.

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19
Q

Information that is paid attention to is drawn into your short-term memory information that comes into sensory memory that is not paid attention to is forgotten

A

Short-Term Memory

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20
Q

Maintenance Rehearsal

A

keep information in short-term memory through maintenance rehearsal.

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21
Q

Capacity

A

The magical number seven plus or minus two (may be overestimated)
The actual real-life capacity of our short-term memories is probably closer to 4

22
Q

Chunk

A

a group of familiar stimuli stored as a single unit

23
Q

Duration

A

unrehearsed information for about 20 seconds

24
Q

Phonological Loop

A

the part of your working memory that allows you to replay conversations in your head to hear sounds.

25
Q

Visuospatial Sketchpad

A

The part of your working memory that allows you to visualize information. Visual images within our working memory

26
Q

Central Executive

A

The part of your working memory that allows you to direct your attention in ways that you want to juggle information. Mediated by your frontal lobe

27
Q

Episodic Buffer

A

the part of your working memory that allows you to take whatever you’re experiencing currently or thinking about currently and move it along to the next memory store which is long term memory.

28
Q

Anterograde Amnesia

A

A disruption of the episodic buffer

29
Q

Semantic Categories

A

The tendency to remember similar or related items in groups. Stroke, dementia can lead to semantic bound anomia

30
Q

Semantic networks

A

Nodes representing concepts, joined together by pathways that link related concepts. Spreading activation

31
Q

Episodic Memory Systems

A

information that relates to you in some way in which relate to your lived experiences

32
Q

Memory Illusions

A

cases in which a rememberer’s report of a past event seriously deviates from the event’s actual occurrence

33
Q

Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM)

A

a procedure in cognitive psychology used to study false memory in humans due to semantic network activation

34
Q

Schema

A

Organized cluster of knowledge about a particular object or sequence of events.
A lot of long-term memory is organized in the Schemas

35
Q

Parallel Distributed Processing (PDP)

A

Cognitive processes depend on patterns of activity in interconnected computing networks (nodes)

36
Q

Connectionist Model

A

Specific memories correspond to particular pattens of activation in these networks

37
Q

Long Term Potentiation

A

The strengthening of synapses based on recent patterns of activity. Patterns of synaptic activity that produce a long-lasting increase in signal transmission between two neurons

38
Q

Recall

A

A measure of forgetting; requires reproducing information without cues

39
Q

Recognition

A

A measure of forgetting; requires selecting previously learned info from an array of options

40
Q

Relearning

A

A measure of forgetting; Involves comparing how long it takes to learn information the first time to the time it takes subsequent times

41
Q

Pseudo Forgetting

A

Lack of encoding

42
Q

Interference Theory

A

Newly learned information interferes with ability to remember older information

43
Q

Retrieval Cues

A

Stimuli that help locate information in long-term memory (ex: tip of the tongue phenomenon)

44
Q

Reinstating the Content of an event

A

Encoding Specificity: most efficient remembering when the content of the retrieval when the content of the retrieval matches the context of the encoding

45
Q

Flashbulb memories

A

Distinctive events that have taken place within your life

46
Q

Source monitoring Error

A

When a memory derived from one source is misattributed to another source

47
Q

Reality Monitoring Error

A

Process of deciding whether memories are based on external sourced or internal sources

48
Q

Procedural Memory

A

Our memories that are acquired tacitly through practice and repetition. Cannot usually consciously articulate or describe. Its more HOW we do things

49
Q

Declarative Memory

A

Also referred to as the Explicit memory system, is our knowledge and information about the world, and what we know about our own life stories

50
Q

Episodic memory

A

Recollection of where and when events happened in one’s own life. Lived experiences

51
Q

Semantic Memory

A

A person’s knowledge about the world. Facts and information about the world.

52
Q

Implicit Memory

A

Unconscious recollection of information. Also known as “procedural memory”

Psychology (7 decks)

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