Chapter 3; Cellular Form and Function

Question 1

squamous

Answer 1

thin, flat, scaly

Question 2

cuboidal

Answer 2

square ish

Question 3

columnar

Answer 3

taller than wide

Question 4

polygonal

Answer 4

irregular, angular shapes

Question 5

stellate

Answer 5

star like

Question 6

spheroid to ovoid

Answer 6

round to oval

Question 7

discoid

Answer 7

disc shape

Question 8

fusiform

Answer 8

thick middle, tapered towards end

Question 9

fibrous

Answer 9

thread like

Question 10

plasma membrane

Answer 10

surrounds cell and defines boundaries, made of proteins and lipoproteins

Question 11

cytoplasm

Answer 11

organelles, cytoskeleton, inclusions, cytosol (intracellular fluid)

Question 12

extracellular fluid

Answer 12

fluid outside of cells, includes tissue (intersitial)

Question 13

glycolipids on the cell membrane

Answer 13

short chain carbohydrate phospholipids on the extracellular side, turn to glycocalyx, used for identification

Question 14

microvilli

Answer 14

very small extensions of membrane, increase SA
best developed in absorbing cells
made of actin microfilament

Question 15

Cilia

Answer 15

hairlike projections
can be motile or nonmotile
single nonmotile primary cilium monitors nearby conditions (found on nearly every cell)

Question 16

Flagella

Answer 16

tail of sperm, whip like
only produced by males

Question 17

pseudopods

Answer 17

continually changing extension of cell
“false foot”
can be used for locomotion and capturing particles

Question 18

filtration

Answer 18

particles driven through membrane by physical pressure

Question 19

a cell in a hypotonic solution

Answer 19

will grow in size as water flows into it

Question 20

a cell in a hypertonic solution

Answer 20

will shrink (crenate in RBCs) as water flows out

Question 21

Uniport

Answer 21

one ligand through the membrane

Question 22

Symport

Answer 22

two ligands through the membrane

Question 23

Antiport

Answer 23

one ligand in, one out

Question 24

facilitated diffusion

Answer 24

carrier moves solute down gradient, no ATP

Question 25

primary active transport

Answer 25

carrier moves solute up gradient using ATP

Question 26

secondary active transport

Answer 26

carrier moves solute through membrane but uses ATP indirectly

Question 27

Vesicular transport

Answer 27

moves large particles or numerous particles through at once using vesicles

Question 28

the nucleus

Answer 28

contains genetic information nuclear envelope -> double membrane that regulates traffic

Question 29

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 29

system of channels (cisternae), enclosed in a membrane

Question 30

rough ER

Answer 30

covered with ribosomes, synthesizes proteins

Question 31

smooth ER

Answer 31

synthesizes steroids and other lipids

Question 32

ribosomes

Answer 32

small granules of protein and RNA, read mRNA and assemble AA's into proteins

Question 33

Golgi complex

Answer 33

system of cisternae that synthesize carbs and finish protein synthesis, packages protein into golgi vesicles

Question 34

lysosomes

Answer 34

package of enzymes bound by a membrane digests

Question 35

autophagy

Answer 35

digestion of surplus organelles

Question 36

autolysis

Answer 36

cell suicide apoptosis

Question 37

peroxisomes

Answer 37

resemble lysosomes and have different enzymes, produced by ER oxidize organic molecules and detoxify abundant in liver and kidney

Question 38

mitochondria

Answer 38

synthesize ATP, surrounded by double membrane inner membrane folds called cristae increase SA have prokaryotic circular DNA

Question 39

endosymbiotic theory

Answer 39

mitochondria evolved from bacteria that invaded a primitive cell, survived in its cytoplasm and became a permanent resident