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Psyc1100 > Chapter 3: Consciousness and the Two Track Mind > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Consciousness and the Two Track Mind Flashcards

1
Q

what is consciousness?

A

our subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment

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2
Q

what is hypnosis?

A

a social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur

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3
Q

cognitive neuroscience?

A

the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition

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4
Q

selective attention?

A

focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

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5
Q

inattentional blindness?

A

failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

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6
Q

change blindness?

A

failing to notice changes in the environment: a form of inattentional blindness

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7
Q

dual processing?

A

the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks

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8
Q

blindsight?

A

a condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it

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9
Q

we may think of our vision as a single system that controls our visually guided actions, but it is actually?

A

dual processing system

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10
Q

parallel processing?

A

processing many aspects of a stimulus or problem simultaneously

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11
Q

sequential processing?

A

processing one aspect of a stimulus or problem at a time: generally used to process new information

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12
Q

how long is our battery life before we sleep and what does it mean?

A

16 hours and sleep is a periodic, natural loss of consciousness

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13
Q

whats the internal biological clock that synchronizes with the 24 hour cycle of day and night called?

A

circadian rhythm: circa ( about ) diem ( day )

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14
Q

who discovered REM sleep?

A

rapid eye movement: armond aserinsky discovered it

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15
Q

REM sleep?

A

rapid eye movement, a sleep stage during which vivid dreams occur. It is also known as paradoxical sleep because the muscles are relaxed

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16
Q

alpha waves?

A

the slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

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17
Q

whats the first stage of sleep?

A

N1 sleep

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18
Q

during this brief n1 sleep, you can experience images resembling?

A

hallucinations: false sensory experiences

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19
Q

What are the weird sensations of falling or floating called when in N1 sleep?

A

hypnagogic sensations

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20
Q

whats after N1?

A

N2: it happens for about 20 minutes with periodic sleep spindles: rapid brain wave activity that aids in memory processing

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21
Q

delta waves?

A

the large slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

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22
Q

What is after N2?

A

after N2 is N3 which lasts around 30 minutes. the brain emits large slow delta waves and makes you hard to awaken

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23
Q

REM sleep phase

A

for about 10 minutes, brain waves become rapid and heart rate rises and closed eyes dart around. Genitals also become aroused during this time unless it is a very scary dream

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24
Q

During rem sleep the brains motor cortex is active but your – blocks its messages

A

brainstem blocks the messages leaving the muscles relaxed, youre essentially paralyzed

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25
Q

How many dreams do we have?

A

1500 a year or more then 100000 in a lifetime

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26
Q

How often does the cycle repeat itself for young adults?

A

90 minutes, but shorter cycles for older adults

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27
Q

suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that control circadian rhythm. in response to light it causes the pineal gland to adjust melatonin production

28
Q

what are the 5 reasons for why we need sleep?

A

sleep protects, sleep helps us recuperate, sleep helps restore and rebuild out memories, sleep feeds creative thinking, sleep supports growth

29
Q

what are the 2 phases that help strengthen muscle memories and memory?

A

rem and n2

30
Q

sleep deprivation messes with hormones metabolism and brains responses to food by?

A

increasing ghrelin, cortisol, disrupting gene expression leading to more weight gain

31
Q

sleep deprivation affects physical health by?

A

when we sleep, it boosts our immune cells which battle infections and cancer

32
Q

What are the major sleep disorders?

A

insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, sleepwalking, sleeptalking, night terrors

33
Q

insomnia?

A

recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

34
Q

narcolepsy?

A

sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks

35
Q

sleep apnea?

A

sleep disorder characterized by cessations of breathing during sleep

36
Q

night terrors?

A

sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and appearance of being terrified, occur in n3 sleep

37
Q

dream?

A

sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping persons mind

38
Q

what do we dream of?

A

trauma, music, media experiences, etc

39
Q

manifest vs latent content?

A

manifest content: remembered story line of a dream
latent content: underlying meaning of a dream

40
Q

why do we dream?

A

to satisfy our wishes, to file away memories, to develop neural pathways, to make sense of neural static, and to reflect. cognitive development

41
Q

what does the activation synthesis theory say?

A

that dreams are the brains attempt to synthesize random neural activity

42
Q

what is rem rebound?

A

the tendency for rem sleep to increase following rem sleep deprivation

43
Q

psychoactive drugs?

A

a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood

44
Q

substance use disorder?

A

a disorder characterized by continued substance use despite life disruptions and physical risks

45
Q

what is a substance/medication induced disorder?

A

it is when people misuse drugs and alcohol causing changes in their lives

46
Q

what is tolerance?

A

the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger doses to experience the same effect

47
Q

what is addiction?

A

compulsive substance use that continues despite harmful consequences

48
Q

withdrawal?

A

the discomfort and distress that follow after discontinuing drugs

49
Q

the three major categories of psychoactive drugs are?

A

depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens

50
Q

depressants?

A

drugs such as alcohol and opiates that reduce neural activity and slows down body functions

51
Q

what is alcohol use disorder or alcoholism?

A

the prolonged and excessive drinking that characterizes alcohol use disorder can shrink brain and contribute to premature death

52
Q

what are barbiturates?

A

drugs that depress the cns, sometimes prescribed to induce sleep or reduce anxiety

53
Q

what is opium?

A

depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety. examples include heroin, methadone, codeine, morphine

54
Q

what is a stimulant?

A

drugs that excite neural activity and speed up bodily functions. the pupils dilate, heart and breathing rate increases, energy increase.

55
Q

examples of stimulants?

A

cocaine, caffeine, nicotine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, ecstasy.

56
Q

amphetamine?

A

drugs such as methamphetamine that stimulates neural activity causing faster body functions

57
Q

nicotine?

A

tobacco products have highly addictive nicotine.

58
Q

cocaine?

A

cocaine is a powerful and addictive stimulant derived from the coca plant: it produces increased alertness and euphoria

59
Q

methamphetamine?

A

a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the cns. it triggers the release of dopamine leading to hours of heightened energy and euphoria. overtime it reduces baseline dopamine levels

60
Q

ecstasy?

A

it is also known as mdma or molly. it is a stimulant and a mild hallucinogen. it triggers dopamine release but it also releases stored serotonin. “i love everyone” is a common thing to hear from someone on ecstasy in a social setting

61
Q

harmful effects of ecstasy?

A

severe overheating, increased blood pressure, and death. overtime it can damage serotonin producing neurons leading to increased risk of permanent depression

62
Q

what are hallucinogens?

A

psychadelic drugs such as LSD distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory output

63
Q

near death experience?

A

altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death: often similar to drug induced hallucinations

64
Q

LSD?

A

lyseergic acid diethylamide: a powerful hallucinogenic drug known as an acid: emotions from lsd vary from euphoria to detachment to panic

65
Q

Marijuana?

A

marijuana leaves and flowers contain thc which triggers a variety of effects including mild hallucinogens: thc and its by products linger in the body for longer than a week

66
Q

what are the biological influences?

A

genetics, twin studies, and parents that abused drugs

67
Q

warning signs of alcohol use disorder?

A

drinking binges, craving alcohol, and usage results in unfulfilled life tasks

Psyc1100 (9 decks)

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