Chapter 3: Health Behavior Sciences

Question 1

A field of psychology that examines the causes of illness and studies ways to promote and maintain health, prevent and treat illness and improve the health care system

Answer 1

Health psychology

Question 2

A state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease

Answer 2

Health

Question 3

A state of well being in which the individual realizes their abilities can cope with normal stresses of life and work productively and is able to make a contribution to their community

Answer 3

Mental health

Question 4

Positive set of factors related to optimal health

Answer 4

Wellness

Question 5

6 elements of wellness:

Answer 5

Emotional
Intellectual
Social
Environmental 
Physical
Spiritual

Question 6

Diseases associated with too little activity or exercise

Answer 6

Hypokinetic diseases

hypo = too little
kinectic = activity

Question 7

4 examples of hypokinetic diseases:

Answer 7

Cardiovascular diseases
Diabetes
Low back pain
Obesity

Question 8

Behavior is influenced by its consequences

Looks at the relationship between _ and_

Answer 8

Operant conditioning

Antecedents- behavior and consequences

Question 9

Stimuli that precede a behavior and often signal the likely consequences of behavior

Answer 9

Antecedents

Question 10

_ is a means to break the connection Between events or stimuli and behavior

In behavioral science referred to as_

Answer 10

Stimulus control

Cue extinctions

Question 11

_ is removal or avoidance of aversive stimulus following a desirable behavior also increases the likelihood of the behavior occurring again

Removing a negative condition in order to strengthen in order to strengthen a desired behavior

Answer 11

Negative reinforcement

Question 12

_ support

Coach provides empathy, concern and acceptance
Client will feel valued

Answer 12

Emotional support

Question 13

_ support

Provide educational services and other concrete and direct methods of assistance

Answer 13

Tangible

Question 14

_ support

Problem solving
Advice, guidance

Videos, pamphlets, books, etc

Answer 14

Informational

Question 15

_ support

Create a sense of belonging and comfort
Discussing comfort related issues about being in a gym or medical fitness centers

Answer 15

Companionship

Question 16

Those who perceive their health to be poor are _ to adhere to an activity program

Answer 16

Unlikely

Question 17

Belief in personal control over health outcomes

Predictor of _

Answer 17

Locus of control

Unsupervised exercise activity

Question 18

presentation of positive stimulus, increases the likelihood that a behavior will reoccur

Answer 18

positive reinformcement

Question 19

when a positive stimulus that once followed a behavior is removed an the likelihood of the behavior occurring again is reduced

Answer 19

extinction

Question 20

an aversive stimulus following an undesirable behavior , decreased the likelihood of that behavior occurring again

Answer 20

punishment

Question 21

4 primary types of social support

Answer 21

emotional
tangible
informational
companionship

Question 22

looking at things in absolute, black and white categories

Answer 22

all-or-nothing thinking

Question 23

viewing a negative event as a never-ending pattern of defeat

Answer 23

overgeneralization

Question 24

dwelling on the negatives and ignoring the positive

Answer 24

mental filter

Question 25

inisisting that accomplishments or positive qualities "don't count"

Answer 25

discounting the positives

Question 26

a. mind reading - assuming people are acting negatively, when there is no evidence b. fortune telling - arbitrarily predicting that things will turn out badly

Answer 26

jumping to conclusions

Question 27

blowing things out of proportion or shrinking their importance inappropriately

Answer 27

magnification or minimization

Question 28

"i feel like an idiot, so I must really be one or "I don't feel like doing this so I will put it off

Answer 28

emotional reasoning

Question 29

criticizing oneself or others with "shoulds or shouldn'ts "musts, oughts, have-tos "it's horrible, terrible, awful and catastrophic and it should not be

Answer 29

should or catastrophe statements

Question 30

identifying ones shortcommings I'm a jerk, a fool or a loser

Answer 30

labeling

Question 31

blaming oneself for something that the person is not entirely responsible for

Answer 31

personalization and blame

Question 32

"examine the evidence" - 2 questions to ask:

Answer 32

what are the facts? What do they show?

Question 33

experimental technique - ask:

Answer 33

how could you test this thought to find out if it's really valid

Question 34

socratic method - ask questions that:

Answer 34

lead to the inconsistencies in irrational thoughts

Question 35

people in this stage are sedentary and not even considering an activity program

Answer 35

pre-contemplation

Question 36

people in this stage are still sedentary but are starting to consider the importance of activity and have begun to identify the implications of being inactive

Answer 36

contemplation

Question 37

people in this stage perform some physical activity as they are mentally and physically preparing to adopt an activity program

Answer 37

preparation

Question 38

during this stage people are engaing in regular physical activity but have been doing so for less than 6 months

Answer 38

action

Question 39

this stage is marked by regular physical activity participation for longer than 6 months

Answer 39

maintenance

Question 40

_ stage encourage client to start thinking about change express concern about specific symptoms ask client what are advantages to change relapse often happens in this stage

Answer 40

pre-contemplation

Question 41

_ stage ask client to review pros and cons of healthy behavior change ask client to list benefits and obstacles to change ask client how to overcome barriers listed

Answer 41

contemplation stage

Question 42

_ stage ask client to create a plan for making healthy lifestyle changes investigate: weightloss programs, health clubs identifying friends with whom the client can share a lifestyle client says "I will"

Answer 42

preparation

Question 43

_ stage the assistance of the health coach is most important in this stage focus on long term advantages, encourage, social support celebrate any and all success SMART GOALS

Answer 43

action

Question 44

_ stage preventing relapse is key internal rewards to prevent slipping backward the client says "I am"

Answer 44

maintenance

Question 45

on a scale of 1 to 10: | below 4 suggests the client is at the _ stage

Answer 45

pre-contemplation

Question 46

most important and powerful predictor of self efficacy is pa

Answer 46

past performance experience

Question 47

when confidence is high _ have a weaker appeal

Answer 47

temptations

Question 48

when confidence is low _can become overwhelming

Answer 48

temptations

Question 49

the number of pros/cons the client perceives regarding adopting and / or maintaining an activity program

Answer 49

decisional balance

Question 50

_ predicts that people will engage in health behavior based on the perceived threat they feel regarding a health problem

Answer 50

health belief model

Question 51

self efficacy influences 3 important participation variables:

Answer 51

task choice effort persistence_

Question 52

theory _ the intention to perform a healthy behavior is related to the actual performance of that behavior behavior is due to rational decision making intentions formed by what client thinks others think about their ability, personal attitudes and self efficacy

Answer 52

theory of reasoned action TRA

Question 53

_ theory behavior can be explained by understanding the interactions between the the individual , his or her environment and his or her behavior

Answer 53

Social cognitive theory

Question 54

self monitoring will lead to

Answer 54

more rapid self correcting behaviors

Question 55

_ is related to operant conditioning

Answer 55

stimulus control

Question 56

_ occurs when reinforcements are used to gradually achieve a target behavior

Answer 56

shaping

Question 57

2 types of behavior modification techniques:

Answer 57

stimulus control shaping

Question 58

2 types of cognitive techniques:

Answer 58

goal setting feedback

Question 59

type of feedback most important for long term adherence

Answer 59

intrinsic feedback

Question 60

4 core components of the TTM model:

Answer 60

Processes of change Decisional balance Self efficacy Situational temptations to relapse