Chapter 9: Current Concepts in Weight Management

Question 1

Energy balance equation

Answer 1

Energy balance = Calories consumed - calories expended

Question 2

Intake of energy exceeds the amount expended

Answer 2

Positive energy balance (weight gain)

Question 3

Number of calories expended is greater than what is taken in

Answer 3

Negative energy balance (weight loss)

Question 4

Amount of energy expended in 24 hrs which includes basal metabolism, physical activity and dietary induced thermogenesis

Answer 4

Total energy expenditure (TEE)

Question 5

Caloric expenditure in a fasting state

Answer 5

Basal energy expenditure (BEE)

Question 6

BEE makes up _% of total energy expenditure

Answer 6

60-75%

Question 7

Physical activity makes up _ to _ of total energy expenditure

Answer 7

15 -30%

Question 8

Most easily manipulated component of TEE

Answer 8

Physical activity

Question 9

Thermic effect of food makes up _ % of TEE

Answer 9

5 to 10%

Question 10

Low carb diet is _% days calories from carbs

How many Grams?

Answer 10

20%

20-60 grams

Question 11

_ diets are below the_ of 45-65% of total calories from carbs

(AMDR)

Answer 11

Low carbohydrate

Acceptable macronutrient distribution range

Question 12

Dietary fat is stored_

Answer 12

Easily as FAT

Question 13

Christ like character

Answer 13

You are here to serve!!!

Question 14

Related to accumulation of excessive amounts of ketone bodies in the body tissues and fluids as a result of fatty acid breakdown

Answer 14

Ketogenic

Question 15

Dietary regimen of ridding the body of the buildup of toxins

Answer 15

Detox

Question 16

Dieters can lose _ to _ % of their weight in the first few months of a diet

_ % gain the weight back and then some

Answer 16

5-10%

60%

Question 17

_ is a drug that decreases absorption of dietary fats, which are excreted through feces

Increase deficiency of _

Answer 17

Orlistat ( xenical)

Fat soluble vitamins

Question 18

Alli reduces fat absorption by

Answer 18

25%

Question 19

_ side effects include pulmonary hypertension, thickening of heart valves (valvular heart disease)

Answer 19

Fen-phen

Question 20

_ increases norepinephrine and serotonin, reducing feelings of hunger

Beneficial affects on:3

Answer 20

Sibutramine

Triglyceride, HDL and blood glucose levels

Question 21

GI rates impact of food on blood glucose levels compared to the reference food _

Answer 21

Glucose or white bread

Question 22

Glycemic load:

Answer 22

Glycemic index x Carbs (grams) / by 100

Question 23

Only change in blood levels seen from low glycemic diet

Answer 23

Decrease in LDL

Question 24

_ represents how much a given food will affect blood sugar levels

Answer 24

Glycemic load

Question 25

GI High Medium Low

Answer 25

High70 or greater Medium 56-69 Low 55 or lower

Question 26

Bariatric surgery reserved for people with BMI | 2

Answer 26

Greater than 40 BMI of 35-40 AND diabetes, sleep apnea, hypertension

Question 27

_ surgery is re ovine part of the stomach and duodenum resulting in malabsorption and restricted food intake

Answer 27

Gastric bypass(Rou-en-Y)

Question 28

Successful bariatric surgery results in weight loss of _% with _ months post surgery

Answer 28

50% of initial excess weight 18 to 24 months post surgery

Question 29

_ are disturbances in eating behavior to control weight Impair physical and mental health

Answer 29

Eating disorders

Question 30

Binge eating disorder is diagnosed when

Answer 30

Behaviors occur more than 2 times/week over a 6 month period

Question 31

Chronic exposure to the hormone _ may have roots in binge eating disorder

Answer 31

Cortisol

Question 32

Individuals with _ are at risk for electrolyte disturbance, dehydration muscle weakness, cardiac and kidney disfunction

Answer 32

Bulimia nervosa

Question 33

Loss of potassium as a side effect of bulimia Can cause

Answer 33

Hypokalemia Cardiac problems

Question 34

DAmage to esophagus from recurring vomiting episodes

Answer 34

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Question 35

Anorexia ratio females to males

Answer 35

10-20:1

Question 36

Anorexia classification Females Males

Answer 36

Females - ammenorhea (at least 3 consecutive cycles) Males - loss of sexual interest and potency

Question 37

Anorexia results if left untreated:5

Answer 37

``` Ammenorhea Bradycardia Osteoporosis IBS Constipation ```

Question 38

Females athlete triad

Answer 38

Disordered eating Menstrual irregularities Decreased bone mass in athletic women