Chapter 3: Introductory Gene Function

Question 1

mutation

Answer 1

changes in the genetic material of a cell

Question 2

DNA polymerase

Answer 2

catalyzes DNA synthesis/replication

Question 3

single RNA strand ~80 nucleotides long, L-shaped, carry specific amino acid to ribosome

Answer 3

tRNA have/are…

Question 3

specific coding region of gene containing no termination codons in sequence

Answer 3

open reading frame

Question 4

codon

Answer 4

3 nucleotides encoding for specific amino acid

Question 4

ribosome

Answer 4

binds mRNA and tRNA to facilitate protein synthesis

Question 5

origins of replication

Answer 5

sites where DNA polymerase binds to begin synthesis

Question 5

brings together mRNA, tRNA (w/ first amino acid of protein), and both ribosome subunits

Answer 5

Initiation

Question 6

aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

Answer 6

joins specific amino acid to correct tRNA on one end, which has anticodon on other end to recognize mRNA

Question 6

Initiation

Answer 6

brings together mRNA, tRNA (w/ first amino acid of protein), and both ribosome subunits

Question 8

primary structure

Answer 8

unique sequence of amino acids

Question 9

must be processed and modified

Answer 9

mRNA before leaving nucleus?

Question 10

1. highly specialized
2. catalysts (accelerate reactions)
3. provide favorable environment

Answer 10

enzyme properties (x3)

Question 11

overall 3D shape of polypeptide

interactions between amino acids R groups, H-bonding, and hydrophobic interactions

Answer 11

tertiary structure

results from?

Question 12

secondary structure

Answer 12

folding/coiling of polypeptide

Question 13

point mutations (e.g.)

Answer 13

changes in one base pair of a gene that leads to the production of an abnormal protein

e.g. hemoblogin is mutated in sickle-cell anemia: CTC –> CAC (Glu–>Val)

Question 14

helicase

Answer 14

unwinds DNA for DNA polymerase

Question 15

amino acids added to preceeding one

Answer 15

elongation

Question 17

tertiary structure

results from?

Answer 17

overall 3D shape of polypeptide

interactions between amino acids R groups, H-bonding, and hydrophobic interactions

Question 18

mRNA before leaving nucleus?

Answer 18

must be processed and modified

Question 20

elongation

Answer 20

amino acids added to preceeding one

Question 21

catalyzes RNA synthesis; opens DNA strands and hooks together RNA nucleotides (5’–>3’); sub T for U

Answer 21

RNA polymerase

Question 21

UAG, UAA, UGA vs AUG

Answer 21

stop codons (x3) vs start codon

Question 22

sites where DNA polymerase binds to begin synthesis

Answer 22

origins of replication

Question 23

unwinds DNA for DNA polymerase

Answer 23

helicase

Question 24

changes in the genetic material of a cell

Answer 24

mutation

Question 25

stop codons (x3) vs start codon

Answer 25

UAG, UAA, UGA vs AUG

Question 26

tRNA have/are...

Answer 26

single RNA strand ~80 nucleotides long, L-shaped, carry specific amino acid to ribosome

Question 27

3 nucleotides encoding for specific amino acid

Answer 27

codon

Question 28

catalyzes DNA synthesis/replication

Answer 28

DNA polymerase

Question 29

binds mRNA and tRNA to facilitate protein synthesis

Answer 29

ribosome

Question 30

open reading frame

Answer 30

specific coding region of gene containing no termination codons in sequence

Question 32

unique sequence of amino acids

Answer 32

primary structure

Question 33

folding/coiling of polypeptide

Answer 33

secondary structure

Question 34

occurs when ribosome reaches stop codon

Answer 34

termination

Question 36

quaternary structure (e.g.?)

Answer 36

overall protein structure resulting from aggregation of 2 or more polypeptide subunits (e.g. ribosome)

Question 37

overall protein structure resulting from aggregation of 2 or more polypeptide subunits (e.g. ribosome)

Answer 37

quaternary structure (e.g.?)

Question 38

termination

Answer 38

occurs when ribosome reaches stop codon

Question 39

joins specific amino acid to correct tRNA on one end,which has anticodon on other end to recognize mRNA

Answer 39

aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

Question 40

enzyme properties (x3)

Answer 40

1. highly specialized 2. catalysts (accelerate reactions) 3. provide favorable environment

Question 41

RNA polymerase

Answer 41

catalyzes RNA synthesis; opens DNA strands and hooks together RNA nucleotides (5'--\>3'); sub U for T

Question 42

changes in one base pair of a gene that leads to the production of an abnormal protein e.g. hemoblogin is mutated in sickle-cell anemia: CTC --\> CAC (Glu--\>Val)

Answer 42

point mutations (e.g.)