Chapter 8: Major Shifts in Prokaryotic Transcription

Question 1

Pero et al

Answer 1

purified proteins from infected cells, found polymerase enzymes: A, B, C

Question 1

appears durng lysogenic cycle to shut down transcription except for C1 gene

dimerizes, binds DNA, & interferes with RNA polymerase transcription of cro, N, and other early genes

cooperative; facilitates RNA polymerase binding and c1 transcription??

Answer 1

lambda repressor / C1 (x2)

Repressor binding to O_R2/1

Question 2

Phage infection proess

Answer 2

early genes –> early gene transcripts –> early proteins (including gp28) –> middle gene transcripts (requires gp28) –> middle proteins (including gp33 and gp34) –> late gene transcripts –> late proteins

Question 2

code for head, tail, and lysis proteins

Answer 2

late genes

Question 3

lambda repressor / C1 (x2)

Repressor binding to O_R2/1

Answer 3

appears duirng lysogenic cycle to shut down transcription except for C1 gene

dimerizes, binds DNA, & interferes with RNA polymerase transcription of cro, N, and other early genes

cooperative; facilitates RNA polymerase binding and c1 transcription??

Question 3

phage DNA integrated with host (bacterial) DNA

allows lysogeny to persist indefinitely

Answer 3

prophage (allows?)

Question 5

Viruses have (and sometimes have):

Answer 5

have nucleic acid enclosed in protein coat; sometimes have membranous envelope

Question 6

cro & N

Answer 6

first genes expressed (in phage lambda) with no lambda repressors bound

Question 6

B. subtilis and SPO1 phage gp28 protein (new sigma factor)

Answer 6

used to study specificity of RNA polymerase

Question 6

gene product blocks c1 repressor gene & protein (to allow expression of other genes)

Answer 6

cro

Question 6

delayed early gene

antiterminator: prevent RNA polymerase from stopping with gut (aka Q utilization) site and possibly host NusA

Answer 6

Q (x2)

Question 7

Q (x2)

Answer 7

delayed early gene

antiterminator: prevent RNA polymerase from stopping with gut (aka Q utilization) site and possibly host NusA

Question 8

binds RNA polymerase and interacts with N protein (which is bound to the nut site) creating loop and weak overall complex (i.e.?)

triggers antitermination near the nut site, strengthened/quickened by additional proteins

Answer 8

Nus proteins (i.e. NusA) (x2)

Question 9

promoters, control c1 gene

1. used to maintain lysogeny
2. used to establish lysogeny by permitting leftward c1 expression prior to cro expression and directing antisense cro mRNA

Answer 9

P_RM (1) & P_RE (2)

Question 10

sticky ends that can circularize

Answer 10

cos

Question 11

delayed early genes

participate in replication

Answer 11

O & P (x2)

Question 12

used to study specificity of RNA polymerase

Answer 12

B. subtilis and SPO1 phage gp28 protein (new sigma factor)

Question 12

gene product=antiterminator preventing early termination after early genes

Answer 12

N

Question 13

prophage (allows?)

Answer 13

phage DNA integrated with host (bacterial) DNA

allows lysogeny to persist indefinitely

Question 15

O & P (x2)

Answer 15

delayed early genes

participate in replication

Question 16

late genes

Answer 16

code for head, tail, and lysis proteins

Question 17

P_RM (1) & P_RE (2)

Answer 17

promoters, control c1 gene

1. used to maintain lysogeny
2. used to establish lysogeny by permitting leftward c1 expression prior to cro expression and directing antisense cro mRNA

Question 18

purified proteins from infected cells, found polymerase enzymes: A, B, C

Answer 18

Pero et al

Question 20

Nus proteins (i.e. NusA) (x2)

Answer 20

binds RNA polymerase and interacts with N protein (which is bound to the nut site) creating loop and weak overall complex (i.e.?)

triggers antitermination near the nut site, strengthened/quickened by additional Nus proteins

Question 21

Varicella zoster virus (aka?)

Answer 21

DNA-based in herpes virus family aka HH3, human herpes virus

Question 22

N binds to this and prevents RNA polymerase from stopping Other side of N gene?

Answer 22

Right of the N gene=leftward promoter (aka nut site or N utilization site) Left of N gene=stop site

Question 23

cro

Answer 23

gene product blocks c1 repressor gene & protein (to allow expression of other genes)

Question 25

DNA-based in herpes virus family

Answer 25

Varicella zoster virus (aka HH3, human herpes virus)

Question 26

N

Answer 26

gene product=antiterminator preventing early termination after early genes

Question 27

Requirements of maintaining lysogeny (x3)

Answer 27

1. P_RM transcription 2. c1 expression 3. repressor protein expression binding R/L operators to allow only c1 expression

Question 28

required for lysogeny gene products allow for transcription of the c1 gene (lambda repressor) and antisense cro production -directs antisense Q mRNA (to help establish lysogeny)?

Answer 28

cII & cIII (x3) -cII

Question 29

have nucleic acid enclosed in protein coat; sometimes have membranous envelope

Answer 29

Viruses have (and sometimes have):

Question 30

can use both lytic and lysogenic cycles e.g.=phage lambda (infects *E. coli*)

Answer 30

temperature phage (e.g.?)

Question 31

anti-terminators

Answer 31

switches controlling transcription

Question 33

temperature phage (e.g.?)

Answer 33

can use both lytic and lysogenic cycles e.g.=phage lambda (infects *E. coli*)

Question 35

Right of the N gene=leftward promoter (aka nut site or N utilization site) Left of N gene=stop site

Answer 35

N binds to this and prevents RNA polymerase from stopping Other side of N gene?

Question 36

cII & cIII (x3)

Answer 36

required for lysogeny gene products allow for transcription of the c1 gene (lambda repressor) and antisense cro production cII directs antisense Q mRNA (to help establish lysogeny)

Question 38

T7

Answer 38

small *E. coli*-infecting phage directing 3 phases of transcription: class I, II, and III

Question 39

early genes --\> early gene transcripts --\> early proteins (including gp28) --\> middle gene transcripts (requires gp28) --\> middle proteins (including gp33 and gp34) --\> late gene transcripts --\> late proteins

Answer 39

Phage infection proess

Question 40

1. P_RM transcription 2. c1 expression 3. repressor protein expression binding R/L operators to allow only c1 expression

Answer 40

Requirements of maintaining lysogeny (x3)

Question 41

small *E. coli*-infecting phage directing 3 phases of transcription

Answer 41

T7

Question 42

first genes expressed (in phage lambda) with no lambda repressors bound

Answer 42

cro & N

Question 43

switches controlling transcription

Answer 43

anti-terminators

Question 44

cos

Answer 44

sticky ends that can circularize