Chapter 3 Notes

Question 0

The socially learned attitudes and behaviors associated with being male or female

Answer 0

Gender

Question 1

Biological characteristics determine whether we are male or female

Answer 1

Sex

Question 2

is the behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status

Answer 2

a role

Question 3

are the expected behaviors of a male/female in particular culture.

Answer 3

gender roles

Question 4

the behavior defined by biological constraints

Answer 4

a sex role

Question 5

is the process by which people learn the characteristics of their group

Answer 5

socialization

Question 6

is a person’s psychological sense of whether they are male or female.

Answer 6

gender identity

Question 7

is an intense psychological discomfort with one’s sex

Answer 7

gender variance

Question 8

are members of one gender that dress up as members of another

Answer 8

cross-dressers

Question 9

are males who dresses provocatively in order to appeal to men

Answer 9

transvestites

Question 10

a person with the biological sex of one gender who has the identity or self-concept of the other gender and undergoes medical producers to change to that sex

Answer 10

transsexuals

Question 11

a person with the biological sex of one gender who has the identity of other gender, lives the full time life of that gender, but does not undergo medial procedures to change to that gender

Answer 11

transgenderists

Question 12

a person who has both male & female sexual organs that are not distinct

Answer 12

Hermaphrodite/ intersexual

Question 13

means female dominated, female identified, and female centered

Answer 13

Matriarchal

Question 14

means male dominated, male identified,and male centered

Answer 14

Patriarchal

Question 15

is unjust discrimination based on person’s sex

-the belief that one sex is innately superior to the other

Answer 15

Sexisum

Question 16

abuse of one’s position of authority to force unwanted sexual attention on another person

Answer 16

sexual harassment

Question 17

Sociobiology suggest that……

Answer 17

-our social behavior and gender behavior results from biological difference

Question 18

An example of Learning by Reinforcement

Answer 18

Rewards and Punishment

Question 19

An example of Learning By Modeling

Answer 19

Imitation

-We learn attitudes and behaviors through our interaction with the environment

Question 20

How children think,understand, and reason changes as they grow older

-This is the result of biological maturation and increasing social experience

Answer 20

Cognitive Development Theory

Question 21

Know about two different genders but not permanent (hair, color,etc.)

Answer 21

2 yrs old

Question 22

Can identified them-self as girl or boy and want to do girl or boy things

Answer 22

5 yrs old

Question 23

Gender os permanent, does not change hair or clothes

Answer 23

6/7 yrs old

Question 24

mental category for organizing our perceptions of cultural stimuli

Answer 24

schema - Children Develop a gender schema about what different genders typically do - This framework is used to interpret new information about gender

Question 25

Who is independent, courages, and tough

Answer 25

Boys

Question 26

Who is affectionate, nurturing, and understanding

Answer 26

Girls

Question 27

Four Ways Parents Socialize their children

Answer 27

1) Use different physical and verbal manipulations:treat girls more gently and boys more roughly. 2) Directs attention towards certain stereotypical gender: Identified objects-toys are different 3) Applies different verbal descriptions to the same behavior-boys are considered active while girls are considered aggressive 4) encourages or discourages certain stereotypical gender-identified activities: as a child you were asked to do certain chores that were/are stereotypical male or female

Question 28

How are girls influenced?

Answer 28

- act certain ways awarded or shunned | - girls are often by boys-put down girls that boys do not think are pretty or more intelligent

Question 29

How are boys influenced?

Answer 29

Boys promote gender stereotyping- girls/pretty and boys/toughness (wimp)

Question 30

How do teachers influence boys?

Answer 30

Boys tend to get more attention from teachers than girls do,called on more in class,given more time to take, and disciplined more harshly.

Question 31

How do teachers influence girls?

Answer 31

Girls are more likely to be praised for their appearance and having neat work. They tend to do better academically through elementary school,boys surpass them in middle school(math,science,and reading)

Question 32

Half of working women are found secretarial positions and administrative assistants

Answer 32

Occupations Dominated by females

Question 33

Most U.S senators and congressional representative are men | Religious leadership is male dominated

Answer 33

Occupations Dominated by males

Question 34

Higher income& other job-related advantage | Less domestic work and marital stress

Answer 34

Benefits Males

Question 35

Identity tied to relationships rather than work and closer attachments w/children

Answer 35

Benefits Females

Question 36

Left feeling less of a man if you fall short of your goals

Answer 36

Personal self worth being tied to job position & income

Question 37

unpleasant working conditions,supervisor/employees

Answer 37

Job-related stress

Question 38

experience role overload when they try to juggle role overload

Answer 38

Less time with family life

Question 39

Loneliness and fear of intimacy | Limited on child custody when divorced

Answer 39

Limited emotional expression

Question 40

What are some Drawbacks for females?

Answer 40

-Reduced income and career fulfillment

Question 41

Dependence on the spouse, resulting in happiness(female)

Answer 41

dependents on her spouse

Question 42

possibly being drawn into eating disorders

Answer 42

The Beauty Problem (females)

Question 43

Lowe self-esteem less social confidence, and believe that they are not as intelligent as working women.

Answer 43

Less Personal Self Worth (female)

Question 44

the view that women should have the same economic, social,and political rights that men have

Answer 44

feminism

Question 45

inequality is rooted in sexism,it assumes that the cause of women's inequality is learned customs of inequality

Answer 45

Liberal Feminism

Question 46

the sexual division of labor and gender inequality are an expression for parental leave and child care to enable women to achieve a better quality of life

Answer 46

Socialist feminism

Question 47

inequality rooted in patriarchy

Answer 47

Radical Feminism

Question 48

describes social arrangements in which potions of power and authority are mostly held by men. -A key emphasis of radical feminism is violence,both physical and psychological,as perpetrated by male-dominated institutions against females

Answer 48

Patriarchy

Question 49

oppression rooted in dominance of heterosexuality

Answer 49

Lesbian Feminism

Question 50

promotes a return to traditional gender and family roles

Answer 50

conservative feminism

Question 51

agree that the patriarchal system causes oppression and isolation but are more concerned with males attempts to achieve self-realization and self-expression

Answer 51

Masculinists

Question 52

believe that male dominance is natural and therefor women's attempts to gain gender equality must be resisted

Answer 52

Antifeminists

Question 53

agree with feminist women that patriarchy benefits

Answer 53

Pro-feminists

Question 54

occurs when 2 or more roles are in compatible

Answer 54

role conflict

Question 55

is the quality of having one person that characteristics, as both males and females ex: women being more logical in one kind of situation and more emotional in another or being competitive in one situation and nurturing in another. Allowing men to express their own emotions more freely without being criticized or stereotyped

Answer 55

androgyny