Chapter 3 (Part 1)

Question 1

Absolute refractory period

Answer 1

The interval where a second axn potential cannot be initiated, no matter how large a stimulus is applied

Question 2

Axn potential

Answer 2

Change in electrical potential associated with the passage of an impulse along the membrane of a neuron

Question 3

Afferent nerve fibres

Answer 3

Fibers that carry information inward to the CNS from the periphery of the body

Question 4

Anion

Answer 4

• charged ion

Question 5

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 5

Part of the PNS, controls muscle movement that happens outside of our conscious awareness and control

Question 6

Axon

Answer 6

Long threadlike part of a neuton dedicated to transmitting information to other neurons

Question 7

Bipolar neuron

Answer 7

Has a single dendrite exiting one side of cell body, and single axon exiting the other

Question 8

Cation

Answer 8

+ charged ion

Question 9

Central nervous system

Answer 9

Composed of brain + spinal cord

Question 10

Dendrites

Answer 10

A branched extension of a neuron, dedicated to receiving information transmitted from other neurons

Question 11

Depolarization

Answer 11

When the membrane potential becomes more positive

Question 12

Diffusion

Answer 12

Forces that moves molecules from areas of high to low concentration

Question 13

Effector

Answer 13

Organ/cell that is capable of receiving and responding to nerve impulses

Question 14

Efferent nerve fibres

Answer 14

Fibres that carry information outward from the CNS to the periphery of the body

Question 15

Electrostatic pressure

Answer 15

The forces of attraction/repulsion between ions

Question 16

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential (EPSP)

Answer 16

Temporary depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane potential

Question 17

Glial cell

Answer 17

Most common cell in CNS, provide structure and perform various housekeeping tasks

Question 18

Hyperpolarization

Answer 18

The membrane potential becomes more - than the resting potential

Question 19

Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential (IPSP)

Answer 19

Temporary hyper polarization of the postsynaptic membrane potential

Question 20

Interneuron

Answer 20

Neuron, transmits impulses b/w other neurons

Question 21

Leaky potassium channel

Answer 21

A potassium-selective pore that spans the cell membrane allowing potassium to pass through

Question 22

Motor neuron

Answer 22

Most common form of effector neuron

Question 23

Multipolar neuron

Answer 23

Composed of multiple dendrites extending from a single axon

Question 24

Myelin sheath

Answer 24

A tube of fatty tissue that forms an insulating covering around the axon

Question 25

Neural integration

Answer 25

The addition of the IPSPs and EPSPs

Question 26

Neuron

Answer 26

Specialized cell that transmits nerve impulses

Question 27

Neurotransmitter

Answer 27

Chemical substance that is released at the end of a neuron, caused by the arrival of a nerve impulse

Question 28

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 28

a gap in the myelin sheath of a nerve

Question 29

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 29

Part of autonomic nervous system, helps to return the body to normal function after activation of the sympathetic

Question 30

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 30

Composed of the nervous system outside of the brain/spinal cord

Question 31

Postsynaptic Potential

Answer 31

Brief depolarization/hyperpolarization of the membrane of the receiving neuron

Question 32

Relative refractory period

Answer 32

Occurs during hyperpolariztion after an axn potential, a greater than normal stimulus is required to elicit another axn potential

Question 33

Reuptake

Answer 33

When neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the pre-synaptic cell

Question 34

Saltatory Conduction

Answer 34

the propagation of axn potentials along myelinated axons from one node of Ranvier to the next

Question 35

Sensory neurons

Answer 35

Transmit sensory information from the environment towards the rest of the nervous system

Question 36

Sodium-Potassium Pump

Answer 36

Ion transporter, pushes 3 Na+ out and brings 2 K+ in

Question 37

Soma

Answer 37

Cell body synonym

Question 38

Somatic nervous system

Answer 38

Part of PNS, controls voluntary movement of muscles

Question 39

Spatial summation

Answer 39

Several EPSPs from different pre-synaptic neurons occurring at the same time sum to create an axn potential

Question 40

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 40

part of autonomic nervous system, involved with preparing the body for emergencies

Question 41

Synapse

Answer 41

Junction b/w two neurons, small gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of neurotransmitters

Question 42

Synaptic transmission

Answer 42

The process by which neurotransmitters are released by neurons to bind and activate the receptors of the other neuron

Question 43

Synaptic vesicle

Answer 43

Located inside the terminal boutons, stores neurotransmitters that are released at synapse

Question 44

Temporal summation

Answer 44

High frequency of EPSPs from a single neuron elicit postsynaptic potentials that create an axn potential

Question 45

Terminal bouton

Answer 45

Location where connections to dendrites of nearby neurons are made

Question 46

Unipolar neuron

Answer 46

Composed of one process leaving the cell body that eventually branches into two directions

Question 47

Voltage dependent potassium channel

Answer 47

Opens when the membrane becomes depolarized allows K+ to leave cell

Question 48

Voltage gated sodium channel

Answer 48

Allows Na+ to rush into the cell when the membrane potential is below -55mV