Chapter 6

Question 1

Agoraphobia

Answer 1

Characterized by a fear of being in a situation or place where escape might be difficult or embarrassing, or where help would be unavailable should a panic attack occur

Question 2

Anaclitic depression

Answer 2

Characterized by feelings of helplessness and weakness; individuals often experience intense feelings of abandonment and are desperately dependent on others

Question 3

Anxiety disorders

Answer 3

A class of disorders marked by feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety

Question 4

Anxiety sensitivity (AS)

Answer 4

Suggests that some individuals are predisposed to a fear of anxiety-related sensations that may make them more vulnerable to anxiety disorders

Question 5

Bipolar disorders (BD)

Answer 5

Involves cycles b/w episodes of depression and mania

Question 6

Categorical classification model

Answer 6

Psychological disorders are classified based on how they differ from normal functioning in KIND rather than degree

Question 7

Compulsions

Answer 7

Repetitive behaviours or mental acts performed to reduce or prevent distress

Question 8

Comorbidity

Answer 8

The coexistence of two or more disorders at the same time

Question 9

Danger

Answer 9

One of the four D’s

Question 10

Depressive disorders

Answer 10

A class of disorders marked by intense and prolonged emotional disturbances that may spill over to disrupt processes

Question 11

Depressogenic schemata

Answer 11

Characterized by the tendency to see and experience the world in a negative fashion

Question 12

Deviance

Answer 12

One of the four D’s

Question 13

Dimensional classification model

Answer 13

Psychological disorders are classified based on how they differ from normal functioning in DEGREE rather than kind

Question 14

Dissociative disorders

Answer 14

A class of disorders in which people lose contact with portions of their consciousness/memory, resulting in disruptions in their sense of identity

Question 15

Distress

Answer 15

One of the four D’s

Question 16

Dopamine hypothesis

Answer 16

Advocates that there is excess dopamine in the brains of individuals with schizophrenia

Question 17

Dysfunction

Answer 17

One of the four D’s

Question 18

Epidemiology

Answer 18

The study of the distribution of mental/physical disorders in a population

Question 19

Expressed emotion

Answer 19

A measure of the degree to which criticism and negative attitudes are expressed by the family members, with whom the afflicted individual lives with, about or toward a person with a mental disorder

Question 20

Factitious Disorder

Answer 20

Exaggerating or feigning an illness in order to assume the role of a sick person

Question 21

Introjective depression

Answer 21

Characterized by feelings of guilt and worthlessness, and a sense that one has failed to live up to the expectations and standards imposed on them

Question 22

Labelling theory

Answer 22

The application of a deviant label to an individual can result in changes of self-perception or the perception of others

Question 23

Malingering

Answer 23

Exaggerating or feigning an illness in order to escape duty or work

Question 24

Mania

Answer 24

Characterized by a period of excessively elevated mood

Question 25

Medical student’s disease

Answer 25

Medical students perceive that either themselves or others around them have the symptoms of the diseases they are studying

Question 26

Negative cognitive triad

Answer 26

Negative interpretations of themselves, the world, or their futures

Question 27

Obsessions

Answer 27

Persistent ideas, thoughts or impulses that are unwanted and inappropriate, and cause marked distress

Question 28

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Answer 28

Characterized by both obsessions + compulsions

Question 29

Other-oriented perfectionism

Answer 29

Demanding perfection from others

Question 30

Overgeneralization

Answer 30

Occurs when someone makes a broad conclusion drawn on the basis of a single, often trivial, event

Question 31

Panic disorder

Answer 31

A type of anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly

Question 32

Personality disorders

Answer 32

A class of psychological disorders marked by extreme, inflexible personality traits that cause subjective distress or impaired social and occupational functioning

Question 33

Pessimistic Explanatory style

Answer 33

An individual who tends to attribute any setbacks they encounter to personal, global and stable causes

Question 34

Prevalence

Answer 34

The % of a population that exhibits a disorder during a specified time period

Question 35

Prognosis

Answer 35

The forecast about the probable course of an illness

Question 36

Selective abstraction

Answer 36

Individuals draw a conclusion from a situation on the basis of one of many elements

Question 37

Self-oriented perfectionism

Answer 37

Setting exceedingly high expectations for oneself

Question 38

Social anxiety disorder

Answer 38

A marked fear of public appearances during which humiliation or embarrassment is possible

Question 39

Socially prescribed perfectionism

Answer 39

Perceiving that others have expectations of one’s self

Question 40

Specific phobias

Answer 40

Characterized by a persistent, intense and irrational fear of specific objects/places/situations

Question 41

Symptom

Answer 41

Any characteristic of a person’s actions, thoughts or feelings that could be a potential indicator of mental illness

Question 42

Syndrome

Answer 42

A collection of interrelated symptoms manifested by any given individual