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psych > Chapter 3 Quiz > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Quiz Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

neurons

A

cells that transmit information

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2
Q

motor neurons

A

both voluntary and involuntary movement

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3
Q

sensory neurons

A

help with taste, smell, hearing, seeing, and feeling things

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4
Q

interneurons

A

located between other neurons that help pass signals

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5
Q

dendrites

A

sends information and receiving info

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6
Q

terminals

A

receives information

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7
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemical “messengers”

*Packed with terminals

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8
Q

synapses

A

a gap between the neurons, stimulated by electrical activity

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9
Q

when neurons send impulses….

A

ITS ALL OR NOTHING

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10
Q

neurons…

A

don’t touch each other

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11
Q

absolute refractory period

A

a resting period, time between an action potential to the start of another
(Sends messages and then waits to send another)

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12
Q

synaptic cleft and action potential

A

when a presynaptic neuron experiences an action potential, neurotransmitters are released into the synapse. the neurotransmitters are then absorbed by the postsynaptic synapse.

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13
Q

reuptake

A

when the presynaptic neuron reabsorbs unabsorbed neurotransmitters for reuse

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14
Q

SSRIs - selective, serotonin, reuptake inhibitors

A

popular medication for depression

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15
Q

agonists

A

cause the receptor sites in the neurons to activate based on the transmitter
(Increase effects of transmitter)

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16
Q

antagonists

A

block the receptor sites from absorbing the transmitter

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17
Q

neuroplasticity

A

the ability of the neural networks in the brain to change their connections through growth and reorganization

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18
Q

Longterm potentiation

A

persistent strengthening of synapses that leads to long lasting increase in signal transmission (important to memory)

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19
Q

acetylcholine (Ach)

A

involved in arousal, attention, memory, and controls of muscle contractions
Ex: Alzheimer’s disease

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20
Q

norepinephrine (Ne)

A

involved in arousal and mood

Ex: depressive disorders

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21
Q

dopamine (DA)

A

involved in control of movement and sensations of pleasure

Ex: Parkinsonism, schizophrenic, disorders, addictive disorders

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22
Q

serotonin (5-HT)

A

involved in sleep, mood, anxiety, and appetite

Ex: depressive disorders, obsessive-compulsive. disorders, anxiety disorders

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23
Q

gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

A

involved in sleep and inhibits movement

Ex: anxiety disorders

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24
Q

glutamate

A

involved in learning, memory formation, nervous system development

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25
endorphins
involved in pain relief
26
central nervous system (CNS)
brain and spinal cord
27
brain....
interprets and stores info and sends orders to muscles, glands, and organs
28
spinal cord...
pathway connecting the brain and the peripheral nervous system
29
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
transmits information to and from the central nervous system
30
autonomic nervous system
automatically regulates glands, internal organs, and blood vessels, pupil dilation, digestion, and blood pressure
31
somatic nervous system
carries sensory information and controls movement of the skeletal muscles
32
parasympathetic division
maintains body functions under ordinary conditions, saves energy
33
sympathetic division
prepares the body to react and expand energy in times of stress
34
sensory system
carries messages from senses to CNS
35
motor system
carries messages from CNS to muscles and glands
36
hormones
are chemicals that control various bodily functions | attraction, aggression, appetite
37
pituitary gland
"master gland" controls all the glands in the body
38
EEG
a test that detects electrical activity to see what's being stimulated in the brain
39
CT scan
two-dimensional x-ray to create a 3D representation of the body
40
PET scan
can see functioning of the brain (activity) rather than just structures (uses radioactivity tagged chemicals to see)
41
MRI
uses magnetic fields, radio waves, and computerized enhancement to map out brain structure creating 3D pictures
42
fMRI
can measure blood flow and oxygen usage so it measures activity similar to a PET
43
lesioning
doesn't actually allow us to see the brain, destroys a piece of the brain
44
ESB
sends a weak electrical current into a brain structure to stimulate it, often used on patients with severe depression
45
TMS
permits scientists to temporarily enhance or depress activity in a specific area of the brain (uses magnetic fields)
46
brain is divided into two.....
hemispheres
47
left hemisphere
controls right side of body speech language and comprehension analysis and calculations
48
right hemisphere
controls left side of body creativity spatial ability context/perception
49
reticular formation
regulates pain and intention
50
cerebellum
a.k.a. "little brain", regulates balance and coordination and judging distances
51
cerebral cortex
(higher functioning) | outer layer of the brain, where the four lobes are
52
corpus collosum
allows the hemispheres to communicate, it's the bridge between the two
53
thalamus
relay station between the brainstem and cortex (sensory signals)
54
hypothalamus
important in regulating autonomic nervous system, helps regulate body temp, sleep and fatigue play a role
55
hippocampus
turns information into long term memory, also important in spatial perception
56
pons
they relay information from the brainstem to the cerebellum and cortex
57
medulla oblongata
maintains regulating heart rate, breathing, digestion, and swallowing
58
the limbic system
helps us to process pleasant emotions and unpleasant emotion
59
amygdala
processes emotion, fear, and aggression responses
60
left side of brain: | Broca's area
production of speech
61
left side of brain: | Wernicke's area
understanding speech/language
62
neuroplasticity
the ability of the brain to create new neurons, from neural connections, and recruit neurons from other parts of the brain to perform functions
63
mirror neurons
neurons that fire both when an organism itself is doing a behavior, organism do the same ex: yawning
64
heritability
a measure of the degree to which out traits are inherited
65
natural selection
Charles Darwin
66
frontal lobe (motor cortex)
reasoning, planning, speech, movement, emotions, problem solving
67
parietal lobe (sensory cortex)
movement, orientation, recognition, perception
68
temporal lobe (primary auditory cortex)
auditory perception, memory, speech
69
occipital lobe (primary visual cortex)
visual processing center

psych (11 decks)

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