Chapter 3 terms

Question 1

Every non-genetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us.

Answer 1

Environment

Question 2

The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior

Answer 2

Behavior Genetics

Question 3

Thread like structure made of DNA molecules that contain genes

Answer 3

Chromosomes

Question 4

A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes

Answer 4

DNA

Question 5

The biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein

Answer 5

Genes

Question 6

Twins who develop from a single fertile egg that splits into two, creating two genetically identical organisms.

Answer 6

Identical Twins

Question 7

Twins who develop from two separate eggs. They are genetically no closer than two brothers or sisters, but they shared a fetal environment.

Answer 7

Fraternal Twins

Question 8

A person’s Characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity.

Answer 8

Temperament

Question 9

The portion of variation among two individuals that we can attribute to genes.

Answer 9

Heritability

Question 10

The effect of one factor (such as environment) depends on another (such as heredity)

Answer 10

Interaction

Question 11

The subfield of biology that studies molecular structure and function of genes

Answer 11

Molecular Genetics

Question 12

The study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles o natural selection.

Answer 12

Evolutionary Psychology

Question 13

The principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.

Answer 13

Natural Selection

Question 14

A random error in gene replications that leads to a change

Answer 14

Mutation

Question 15

In psychology, the biological and socially influenced Characteristic by which people define male and female.

Answer 15

Gender

Question 16

The enduring behaviors, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.

Answer 16

Culture

Question 17

An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior.

Answer 17

Norm

Question 18

The buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies

Answer 18

Personal Space

Question 19

Giving priority to ones own goals over the goals of a group, and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identification.

Answer 19

Individualism

Question 20

Giving priority to the goals of one group (often ones extended family) and defining one’s identity accordingly.

Answer 20

Collection

Question 21

Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone.

Answer 21

Aggression

Question 22

The sex chromosome found in both men and women.

Answer 22

X Chromosomes

Question 23

The sex chromosome found only in men.

Answer 23

Y Chromosomes

Question 24

The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of male sex organs in the fetus and development of the male sex Characteristic during puberty.

Answer 24

Testosterone

Question 25

A set of expectations (norms) about social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave.

Answer 25

Role

Question 26

A set of expected behaviors for males and for females

Answer 26

Gender Role

Question 27

One’s sense of being male or female

Answer 27

Gender Identity

Question 28

The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role

Answer 28

Gender Typing

Question 29

The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished

Answer 29

Social Learning Theory

Question 30

The theory that children learn from their concept cultures a concept of what it means to be male and female and that they adjust their behavior accordingly.

Answer 30

Gender Schema Theory