psych chapter 1 Flashcards
Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions, rather it examines assumptions, disconcerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.
Critical thinking
The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen.
Hindsight bias
An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organize observations and predicts behaviors or events
Theory
A testable prediction often implied by a theory
Hypothesis
S statement of the procedures used to define research variables.
Operational definition
Repeating the essence of a research study usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether or not the basic findings extend to other participants and circumstances.
Replication
An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles.
Case study
A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of them.
Survey
The tendency to overestimate the extent to which other share our beliefs and behaviors.
False consensus effect
All the cases in a group for which samples may be drawn for a study
Population
A sample that fairly represents a populations because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.
Random sample
Observing and recording behaviors in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation
Naturalistic observation
A measure to the extent in which two factors vary together, and thus of how each factor effects the other.
Correlation
A graphed cluster of dots, each of which represent the values of two variables.
Scatter plot
The prediction of a relationship where none exist
Illusory correlation
