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Interpersonal Communications > Chapter 3 the self concept and communication > Flashcards

Chapter 3 the self concept and communication Flashcards

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1
Q

Define self concept

A

How we perceive ourselves

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2
Q

What do communication scholars argue about self concept?

A

It is formed
Sustained
And changed by our interactions with others

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3
Q

What 5 traits influence self concept?

A 
Extroverted vs introverted
Agreeable vs antagonistic
Open vs not open 
Conscientious vs undirected
Neurotic vs stable
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4
Q

What do the five traits of social concept include

A 
Sociability 
Spontaneity
Selflessness
Independence
Curiosity
Vulnerability
Carelessness
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5
Q

What influences the development of self talk of self concept

A

Our culture
Relationships
Gender
Our own self talk

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6
Q

What was the theory of symbolic interactionism developed by

A

George Herbert mead

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7
Q

What is symbolic interactionism

A

Our view of self is shaped by those we communicate with

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8
Q

What two processes influence the theory of symbolic interactionism?

A

The Pygmalion effect

Social comparison

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9
Q

Define Pygmalion effect

A

It illustrates the way our significant others (ppl who r important to us) influence our self concept

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10
Q

What is an example of Pygmalion effect

A

Teacher communicated to their students that a select few were high achievers, but their grades didn’t differ than the other kids in the class. Instead, the kids performed well in higher levels because the teacher keeps telling them that they were high achievers

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11
Q

Define social comparison

A

When we compare ourselves to others

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12
Q

Example of social comparison

A

Comparing our athletic ability or relational success to others

Asking classmates about their score on a test

Comparing your B to others A =negative self perception

Comparing your B to another’s C= positive self perception

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13
Q

Where is social comparison determinant of self perception

A

Western cultures

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14
Q

Why is it important to study self concept?

A

It affects how we communicate with others

Healthy self concepts can result in a realistic acknowledgement of our strengths and weaknesses= we can accept praise and defend viewpoints even when opposed by others

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15
Q

What can unhealthy self concepts result in?

A

Exaggerated and unrealistic perceptions of our strengths and weaknesses

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16
Q

What can knowledge about self concept and interpersonal communication do?

A

It can motivate us to communicate in a competent manner

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17
Q

What can increase our motivation to communicate

A

Creating realistic goal statements designed to improve our self concept

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18
Q

Is our self concept formed in an instant?

Can it change in an instant

A

No

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19
Q

What must we do to make an effective goal statements?

A

Set realistic goals for ourselves and not mentally beat ourselves up if we don’t meet them

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20
Q

An example of an unrealistic goal

A

I will be a confident communicator in all situations and will never let me nerves get the best of me

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21
Q

An example of a realistic goal

A

I will gain confidence and learn how to manage my anxiety so I can contribute to discussions in my comm class

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22
Q

How do we tend to perceive ourselves

A

Subjectively and often in a more negative light than is warranted

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23
Q

What is one method to contend with our subjective self concept?

A

Create a mental inventory of our strengths and talents

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24
Q

What did Martin Seligman argue?

A

Talents are nonmoral characteristics that are usually innate and automatic

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25
Examples of talents
Perfect pitch Athletic ability
26
Examples of strengths
Moral traits such as integrity, vapor, kindness, and originality
27
Difference between talents and strengths
Talents=nonmoral (we don't choose these) Strengths=moral (we choose these)(involve choices about acquisition and enhancement)
28
What are the characteristics and components of the self concept
Self image and self esteem It's multidimensional nature The relationship between self-concept and self disclosure And it's subjective nature
29
What does the "self concept" figure illustrate
The idea that aspects of our self concept can be organized according to our beliefs and evaluations about ourselves and the contexts that influence us
30
What is our self concept affected by
The characteristics we believe we possess and how we evaluate these characteristics
31
What is our self concept made of
Self image and self esteem
32
Define self image
A descriptive term it refers to the characteristics we believe we possess
33
Example of self image
If I describe myself as a student who does volunteer work How others see me too
34
What do we use other people's comments for
Our self perceptions, and they reinforce it change the perception of what and who we are
35
Example of reinforcing someone comments to check our self perceptions
We might think of ourselves as selfless and generous but it may change when a coworker talks about the volunteering organizations they are a part of
36
Define self esteem
It's evaluative and it depends on that we perceive to be worthwhile and valuable
37
How does self esteem go beyond our self image
It includes the value or importance we place on our perceived characteristics
38
Example of self esteem
If you get a fee gutter balls while bowling then your bowling ability is poor
39
An example of positive self esteem
I may believe that I am a sensitive and kind person and that sensitivity and kindness are valuable and worthwhile characteristics to possess
40
According to "perceived as multidimensional" what can self concept be simultaneously perceived as?
Mental Physical And private Public
41
What could our physical self include
Perceptions of our body and how physically attractive we think we are Perceptions of ourself that we do not disclose to others (we perceive others to be overly cynical or unemotional Aspects of ourselves we desire other to perceive
42
What is self disclosure related to
Self perceptions
43
What is an example of self disclosure related to self perceptions
Some info we tell some friends and family but not all
44
What can influence how we perceive ourselves
Their reactions
45
What is the Jahori Window
A model that illustrates self disclosure, self awareness, and how we relate to others.
46
What are the four areas of the Johari Window
Open Blind Unknown Hidden
47
What is the open quadrant in the Johari window Example?
Includes information about ourselves that we and others know Ex- how old we are or what we do as a living
48
What is the kind quadrant in the Johari Window Example?
Information about ourselves that we don't know it others do Ex- has anyone ever pointed out a habit in which we were unaware
49
What is the hidden quadrant in the Johari Window Example?
Info that we know it others do not Ex- a secret I've never told someone Can be anything- punched a sibling, thinking Beethoven composed the best classical music
50
What is the unknown quadrant in the Johari Window Example?
Unknown info that neither is or anyone else knows about
51
Will the unknown quadrant always exist?
Yes, because we'll never completely know ourselves
52
How can we not know something about ourselves, and how can other people not know as well (referring to the unknown quadrant)
Hypnosis Dream analysis Our traits are layer in our subconscious as well
53
CAN your self concept be distorted and incorrect (referring to the "based on subjective information" on pg 72
Yes
54
What is the "face" we present to others?
Face- related to our perceived selfconcept but also involves how we want others to perceive us and our worth
55
What is facts also called
Impression management Identity management
56
What are impression management and identity management
Behaviors we enact to influence others to perceive us in certain ways
57
What is a bother aspect or "face"
Searching a name on the internet This is a part of the hiring process in some employees
58
What can happen if face is proven wrong?
You can feel shame or embarrassed
59
How can we save face?
Making use of favework
60
Define face work
Face saving communication
61
How can we use facework?
Overlooking a face threatening act- such as glossing over a mistake or acting as if it didn't happen to minimize the extent of embarrassment or annoyance RESPONDING with humor Offering an apology to admit blame and seek atonement Communicating an explanation to minimize responsibility or to justify the behavior Engaging in physical remediation
62
What's an example of responding with humor? (Referencing the facework idea)
Laughter - releases nervous tension and demonstrates that an offense isn't that serious "This would make a great scene in a romance/horror/adventure flick!"
63
Example of "communication an explanation
I didn't mean it!
64
Example of engaging in physical remediation
Adjusting clothing or cleaning a spill
65
An example of saving face if your classmate has toilet paper stuck to their shoe
"Like this has never happened to any of you before!" "Don't expect this kind of excitement every day!" (Humor) "I'm sorry for the disruption" (apology) "My shoes were probably wet and I walked past the restroom and probably tracked it." (Explanation) Putting the toilet paper in the trash (physical remediation)
66
Summarize self concept
It includes our self image and self esteem because those influence how we comm w others This multidimensional concept is influenced by self disclosure, is subjective, and is the basis of the face we present to others. Self concept is also affected by culture, relationship context, gender, and individual (all the concepts)
67
What influences our image of who we are with regards to the culture context
Dominant and co cultures
68
Example of dominant filters impacting self concept
Us- individualist- can't understand how other cultures don't think of themselves India- vice versa Japan- self concept is created I. Terms of group membership and interaction
69
Example of co culture in self concept
Ethnic identity- based on common traditions, values, origins, and history. Includes knowledge of belonging to a particular group and the shared experiences of its members Ex- LGBT
70
Example of how friends and family can change self concept?
Using words like creative and bright= good Monster and stupid= bad
71
Define self efficacy
The belief in our ability to manage prospective situations
72
Where is self efficacy used
Relationship context- coworkers
73
When does our knowledge of self concept begin (age wise?)
4-7 years
74
What characteristics do women mention more of?
Generosity Sensitivity And having care and concern for others when asked to describe themselves
75
What do men mention when they talk about characteristics
Ambition Energy Power Control
76
Can men and women concepts intertwine
Yup
77
Do men and women possess an equal sense of self worth based on their relational group memberships
Yes Therefore it is best to think of gender self concepts as a degree rather than polar opposites
78
Define self fulfilling prophecies (individual context)
The expectations we have and the predictions we make for ourselves
79
When are self fulfilling prophecies evident?
When we behave in ways that reinforce our self perceptions and self expectations and they can make a predicted outcome of an event
80
Look at the cyclical nature of self fulfilling prophecies on page 79
Do et
81
What does the cyclical nature of self fulfilling prophecies do?
Reinforce the self concept, affect behavior, and can influence how others perceive us.
82
Define inner critic (in individual context)
Produces intrapersonal comm messages such as "I've failed at this before and I'll fail at it again"
83
What does our inner critic Focus on? What does it ignore?
What isn't finished and ignores what we've accomplished
84
Over all, what two things fall under the individual context?
Self fulfilling prophecies Inner critic
85
What do people try to do when their face is threatened?
Go into defensive reactions
86
Are defensive reactions appropriate or effective
NO
87
What can a defensive reaction lead to?
Communicating disrespect Disconfirmation Promote heated arguments Cause conversation partners to ignore relational problems and potential solutions
88
What four things fall under defensive reactions
Sarcasm and aggression Excuses Avoidance Denial
89
What are examples of nondefensive reaction skills
Asking open ended questions Guessing about specifics Agreeing with the truth Agreeing to disagree
90
Before we use non defensive reactions, what must we do first?
Notice we are being defensive
91
What are symptoms that follow being defensive?
Rapid heartbeat | Shortness of breath
92
What can along open ended questions do?
Helps us understand our conversation partner
93
What can guessing about specifics do?
Enables our conversation partner to communicate an in depth response and examine her or his assumptions
94
What is an example of agreeing to disagree?
Why do you listen to that stuff? It's terrible. Me- I respect your opinion, but I like alternative music

Interpersonal Communications (9 decks)

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