Chapter 30& 31 Vocab

Question 1

A natural solid substance with a definite geometric shape.

Answer 1

Crystal

Question 2

Two minerals with the same elements, but the elements are bonded together differently.

Answer 2

Polymorphs

Question 3

A means of determining the hardness of a substance (1-10) diamond-hardest(10)
Talc-softest (1)

Answer 3

Mohs scale of harness

Question 4

Splitting of minerals along smooth, flat surfaces.

Answer 4

Cleavage

Question 5

The breaking of a mineral somewhere other than the cleavage plane.

Answer 5

Fracture

Question 6

How’s a mineral appears when it reflects light.

Answer 6

Luster

Question 7

The color of a mineral when it’s in powdered form.

Answer 7

Streak

Question 8

A measure of density. Describes the change in the volume of water when a dense solid is placed in it.

Answer 8

Specific Gravity

Question 9

Contain mostly silicon and oxygen. Most common are Quartz and feldspar.

Answer 9

Silicates

Question 10

Contain oxygen and a metal. Industrial metal ores.

Answer 10

Oxides

Question 11

Contains carbon and oxygen (co3) most common- calcium corbonate (limestone)

Answer 11

Carbonate

Question 12

Contains sulfur and a metal. (Pyrite)

Answer 12

Sulfides

Question 13

Contain sulfur, oxygen, and a metal. (Gypsum)

Answer 13

Sulfates

Question 14

Molten rock from the Earth’s interior.

Answer 14

Magma

Question 15

Come from magma. Make up 95% of rocks in the Earth’s crust. (Basalt and granite)

Answer 15

Igneous rocks

Question 16

Formed from pieces of other rocks (erosion). Sandstone, shale, limestone.

Answer 16

Sedimentary rock

Question 17

Formed from pre-existing rocks and extreme hear or pressure. (Marble, slate)

Answer 17

Metamorphic Rock

Question 18

Formed at the earths surface.

Answer 18

Extrusive igneous rocks

Question 19

Molten material that forms from magma on the earths surface.

Answer 19

Lava

Question 20

Lava that pours out onto the earths surface through a central vent.

Answer 20

Volcano

Question 21

Built from layers of lava. Broad based and gently sloping sides. Very large. (Mauna Loa)

Answer 21

Shield cone

Question 22

Very steep sides. Built from ashes, cinders, and rock. Relatively short. (300m)

Answer 22

Cinder cones

Question 23

Consist of alternating layers of lava, ash, and mud. Steep sides, very large. (Mt. Fuji, mt. St. Helens)

Answer 23

Composite cones

Question 24

The funnel shaped pit at the top of a volcano.

Answer 24

Crater

Question 25

A large basin shaped depression formed when an explosion destroys the upper portion of a volcano.

Answer 25

Caldera

Question 26

Igneous rocks formed from magma that cools.

Answer 26

Intrusive igneous rocks

Question 27

Vertical column of magma.

Answer 27

Dike

Question 28

Horizontal layers of magma.

Answer 28

Sill

Question 29

Push overlying rock layers upward.

Answer 29

Laccolith

Question 30

Largest of all the igneous intrusions.

Answer 30

Batholith

Question 31

Physically breaking rocks into smaller pieces.

Answer 31

Mechanical weathering

Question 32

Chemical reactions with water that decomposes rock.

Answer 32

Chemical weathering

Question 33

The process of transporting weathered rock by water, wind, or ice.

Answer 33

Erosion

Question 34

Rock particles are deposited one layer at a time horizontally.

Answer 34

Sedimentation

Question 35

Composed of microscopic pieces

Answer 35

Whale

Question 36

.05-2mm grains of sand.

Answer 36

Sandstone

Question 37

Composed of gravel sized particles.

Answer 37

Conglomerate

Question 38

Limestone and evaporites.

Answer 38

Chemical sedimentary rocks

Question 39

The process of changing one kind of rock into another due to a high temp and/or pressure.

Answer 39

Metamorphism

Question 40

The rocks surrounding a magma intrusion are changed to metamorphic rock.

Answer 40

Contact metamorphism

Question 41

Large areas of rock are changed due to the process of mountain building.

Answer 41

Regional metamorphism

Question 42

Have layered mineral bands.

Answer 42

Foliated metamorphic rock

Question 43

Comes from shale and created at low temps and pressure.

Answer 43

Slate

Question 44

Forms at higher temps and pressure. Generally shiny in appearance.

Answer 44

Schist

Question 45

Distinct alternating light and dark bands.

Answer 45

Gneiss

Question 46

Lack banding patterns.

Answer 46

Nonfoliated metamorphic rock

Question 47

Comes from limestone (building)

Answer 47

Marble

Question 48

Comes from sandstone, variety of colors.

Answer 48

Quartzite

Question 49

A process involving the formation, destruction, alteration, and reformation of rocks due to the earths natural processes.

Answer 49

Rock cycle

Question 50

A naturally occurring inorganic substance whose atoms are chemically bonded in a specific crystalline structure.

Answer 50

Mineral