Chapter 30-34 Flashcards by Kaleigh Brauns

Develops into backbone in chordates

Notochord

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What is a chordate?

Has a hollow nerve chord, notochord, pharyngeal pouches, and a tail

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Develops into spine/nervous system in chordates

Hollow nerve chord

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Develops into gills in chordates

Pharyngeal pouches

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Used for swimming in chordates

Tail

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Tunicates

Subphylum Urochordata

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Lancelots

Subphylum Cephalochordata

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Filter feeders

Subphylum Urochordata

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The Age of Fishes

Ordovician Period

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What did the arrival of jaws and paired fins bring to fish?

Diversity in food that could be eaten and better movement

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Circulatory system in fish

Closed circulatory system

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Excretion in fish

Diffuse through gills and nitrogenous waste through kidneys

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Main part of the brain

Cerebrum

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Part of the brain that processes information from eyes

Optic lobe

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Part of the brain that coordinates body movement

Cerebellum

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Part of the brain that controls voluntary movement

Cerebrum

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Part of the brain that controls the functions of internal organs

Medulla onlongata

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Part of the brain that senses vibration and current in the water

Lateral line system

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Determines buoyancy in fish

Swim bladder

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Hagfishes

Class myxini

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Lampreys

Class Cephalaspidomorphi

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Sharks

Class Chondrichthyes

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Bony fish

Class Osteichthyes

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Stores bile

Gull bladder

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Secretes bile

Liver

Receives oxygenated blood from lungs

Left atria

Receives oxygenated blood from body

Right atria

Pumps blood

Ventricle

Salamanders

Order Urodela

Frogs and toads

Order Anura

Caecilians

Order Apoda

Number of lungs in snakes

1 (all other reptiles have 2)

Chambers in reptiles

2 atria and 1-2 ventricles

Septum in reptiles

Incomplete

Conserves water in reptiles

Uric acid

Lizards and snakes

Order Squamata

Crocodiles

Order Crocodilia

Turtles/tortoises

Order Testudines

Tuataras

Order Sphenodonta

Birds

Class Aves

What did birds evolve from

Reptiles

Air flow in birds

One directional

Cerebrum in birds

Flight, nest building, care for young, and mating

Medula oblongata in birds

Heartbeat and basic body processes

What did mammals evolve from

Reptiles

Strains out plankton and small marine animals in whales

Baleen

Chisel like teeth used for cutting, gnawing, and grooming

Incisors

Pointed teeth used for piercing, gripping, and tearing. Present only in carnivores.

Canines

Crush and grind food

Molars

Stomach chamber for storing newly swallowed food

Rumen

Right side of heart in mammals

Oxygen poor

One opening

Order monotremata

Offspring develop in pouch

Marsupials

Have placenta

Placentals

Shrews and hedgehogs

Insectivora

Manatees

Sirenia

Whales and dolphins

Cetacea

Bats

Chiroptera

Mice, rats, beavers

Rodentia

Horses and zebras

Perissodactyla

Tigers, dogs

Carnivora

Cattle, sheep, pigs, deer

Artiodactyla

Rabbits

Lagomorpha

Armadillos, anteaters, and sloths

Xenarthra

Apes, monkeys, humans

Primates

Elephants

Proboscidea

Insect eaters

Insectivora

Fully aquatic life

Sirenia

Underwater life but come to surface to breath

Cetacea

Winged mammals

Chiroptera

Curved incisor teeth

Rodentia

Hoofed animals- odd number of toes

Perissodactyla

Sharp teeth and claws

Carnivora

Hoofed animals- even number of toes

Artiodactyla

Incisors in upper jaw- herbivores

Lagomorpha

No teeth

Xenarthra

Highly developed cerebrum and complex behaviors

Primates

Trunks

Proboscidea

The way an organism reacts to changes in its internal condition or external environment

Behavior

Any kind of signal that carries electable information

Stimulus

A single, specific reaction to a stimulus

Response

Instinct or inborn behavior

Innate behavior

Altered behavior as a result or experience

Learning

Decreases or stops response to a repetitive stimulus because it neither rewards nor harms the animal (simplest form)

Habituation

Mental connection between a stimulus and some kind of reward or punishment

Classical conditioning

Learns to behave in a certain way through repeated practice

Operant conditioning

Applies something it has already learned to a new situation (most complex)

Insight learning

Recognize and follow the first moving object that they see during a critical time early in their lives

Imprinting

Behavioral cycles that occur in daily patterns

Circadian rhythms

Regulates the transport of oxygen from the surface of the egg to the embryo and the transport of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction

Chorion

The bag like structure that contains a yolk that serves a nutrient rich food supply for the embryo

Yolk sac

A fluid filled sac that surrounds and cushions the developing embryo. It produces a protected, watery environment.

Amnion

Stores the waste produced by the embryo. It later fuses with the chorion and serves as a respiratory organ.

Allantois

Chapter 30-34 Flashcards

(93 cards)