Chapters 37 and 38 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapters 37 and 38 Deck (40)
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0
Q

How many liters of blood do humans circulate every minute?

A

5 Liters

1
Q

Circulatory system consists of…

A

Heart, blood vessels, and blood

2
Q

Protective sac surrounding the heart

A

Pericardium

3
Q

Thick middle layer of muscle tissue that contracts to pump blood

A

Myocardium

4
Q

What chamber is above the septum?

A

Atrium

5
Q

What chamber is below the septum?

A

Ventricle

6
Q

What does the atrium do?

A

Receives the blood

7
Q

What does the ventricle do?

A

Pump blood

8
Q

Flaps of connective tissue between the atria and ventricles

A

Valves

9
Q

Large vein that brings oxygen poor blood from the upper part of the body to the right atrium? From the lower part of the body?

A

Upper- Superior Vena Cava

Lower- inferior vena cava

10
Q

Th cardiac cells in the sinoatrial node are called what? Why?

A

“Pacemaker” because they set the pace for the heart as whole by starting the wave of muscle contraction.

11
Q

Three types of blood vessels

A
  1. Arteries
  2. Capillaries
  3. Veins
12
Q

Large blood vessel that blood passes through when it leaves the left ventricle

A

Aorta

13
Q

Blood vessel- From the heart to the tissues of the bodies

A

Arteries

14
Q

Three parts of the walls of blood vessels

A

Connective tissue, smooth muscle, and endothelium

15
Q

Smallest blood vessels? How small?

A

Capillaries - 1 cell thick

16
Q

Condition where fatty walls of plaque build up on the inner walls of the arteries

A

Atherosclerosis

17
Q

Plasma protein that transports substances and fights infections

A

Globulin

18
Q

Plasma protein that transports proteins, regulates osmotic pressure and blood volume

A

Albumin

19
Q

Plasma protein for blood clotting

A

Fibrinogen

20
Q

Old blood cells are destroyed in the…

A

Liver and the spleen

21
Q

Average life of a red blood cell

A

120 days

22
Q

WBC that engulfs and digests invaders

A

Phagocytes

23
Q

WBCs that release chemicals

A

Histamines

24
Q

WBCs that produce antibodies for fighting infections

A

Lymphocytes

25
Q

Cleanses blood and removes damaged blood cells

A

Spleen

26
Q

Flap of skin that prevents food from entering the trachea

A

Epiglottis

27
Q

Passageway for food and air

A

Pharynx

28
Q

Windpipe

A

Trachea

29
Q

Contains 2 highly elastic folds of tissue known as vocal chords

A

Larynx

30
Q

2 large passageways in the chest cavity

A

Bronchi

31
Q

Tiny air sacs that serve as a dead end

A

Alveoli

32
Q

Chewed clump of food

A

Blouse

33
Q

Contractions that squeeze food through the esophagus to the stomach

A

Peristalsis

34
Q

Mixture of churned stomach acid and food

A

Chyme

35
Q

Produces hormones that neutralize the stomach acid

A

Pancreas

36
Q

Tube carrying urine to the urinary bladder

A

Ureter

37
Q

A small network of capillaries encased in the upper end of the nephron by the Bowman’s Capsule

A

Glomerulus

38
Q

A hollow cup shaped structure encasing the glomerulus

A

Bowman’s Capsule

39
Q

A section of the nephron tubule in which water is conserved and the volume of urine is minimized

A

Loop of Henle