Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

pathophysiology > chapter 31: disorders of ventilation and gas exchange > Flashcards

chapter 31: disorders of ventilation and gas exchange Flashcards

1
Q

__ lines the thoracic wall and superior aspect of the diaphragm

A

parietal pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

__ covers the lungs

A

visceral pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

__ is the space between the two layers that contains a thing layer of serous fluid

A

pleural cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

__ must be matched

A

ventialtion-perfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

__ flow in and out the lungs must match with __ flow to the lungs

A

air; blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

__ fluid in the pleural cavity

A

pleural effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

__ accumulation of serous fluid (yellowish fluid)

A

hydrothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

__ is seen in heart, renal, and liver failure

A

hydrothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

__ is an infection in the pleural cavity that produces pus

A

empyema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

__ comes from the lymphs and produces a milky white substance resulting from trauma and inflammation

A

chylothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

__ is blood in the pleural cavity that results from chest injury or surgery and requires drainage

A

hemothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

__ is a way to extract fluid from the lungs

A

thorocentesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

__ air entering the pleural cavity

A

pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

there is __ and __ pneumothorax

A

spontaneous; traumatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

__ pneumothorax produces air-filled blisters on the lungs and ruptures. this leads to atelectasis (collapsed lung)

A

spontaneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

__ pneumothorax is when air enters the pleural cavity through a wound on inhalation and cannot leave during exhalation

A

traumatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

there are 2 types of traumatic pneumothorax: __ and __

A

open; tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

__ pneumothorax can lead to atelectasis bc air moves into and out of an opening in the chest wall where the unaffected lung is decompressed by the heart (mediastinum flutter) and moves back during exhalation

A

open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

during inspiration, the unaffected lungs have a __(decreased/increased) amount of air due to mediastinum flutter

A

decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

__ pneumothorax is when air moves into the lungs from a puncture wound during inhalation, but does not move out during expiration due to a flap that closes. this causes a mediastinum shift during inhalation and exhalation.

A

tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

tension pneumothorax can result in a decrease in venous and CO2 return bc of __

A

mediastinum shift

22
Q

__ of pneumothorax include:
increased rr
ipsilateral lung pain
asymmetry of chest during inspiration
decreased breath sounds on affected side

A

s/s

23
Q

to diagnose pneumothorax, you can use a(n) __, __, or __

A

x-ray; ct scan; ultrasound

24
Q

treatment for pneumothorax includes __ and __

A

small spontaneous (air reabsorbed on its own); need aspiration

25
Q

in __ there are periodic episodes of severe but reversible airway inflammation

A

asthma

26
Q

the bronchioles constrict, inflamed with edema, and increase thick mucus secretion occurs in __

A

asthma

27
Q

asthma causes __, __, __, __, and __

A

bronchospasm; mucus hypersecretion; airway edema; epithelial injury; airflow limitation

28
Q

asthma can be __

A

reversible

29
Q

the two types of asthma are __ and __

A

intrinsic; extrinsic

30
Q

__ (atopic) triggers type 1 hypersensitivity reaction (IgE mediated asthma)

A

extrinsic

31
Q

__ (intrinsic/extrinsic) asthma involves sensitized mast cells

A

extrinsic

32
Q

the early/acute phase response of extrinsic asthma ranges from __ (10-20mins/4-8hrs)

A

10 - 20 mins

33
Q

the late phase response of extrinsic asthma ranges from __ (10-20mins/4-8hrs)

A

4 -8 hours

34
Q

__ (non-atopic) asthma is triggered by respiratory infections, cold, exercise, and drugs

A

intrinsic

35
Q

cough, marked dyspnea, tight feeling in chest and agitation
wheezing
thick mucus is coughed up
rapid breathing with use of accessory muscles
tachycardia

are __ of asthma

A

s/s

36
Q

treatment for asthma include:
__
__
__
__
__

A

avoid the triggers; inhalers; glucocorticoid (reduces inflammation); leukotriene anatagonist (reduces inflammation); cromolyn sodium (decreases sensitivity of mast cells; used to prevent severity of future attacks but not to treat acute attacks bc histamine is released)

37
Q

people with severe/refractory asthma need a __ of medication for good asthma control or persistent symptoms

A

high

38
Q

people with severe or refractory asthma are more likely to __ from an asthma attack

A

die

39
Q

a group of chronic respiratory disorders resulting in progressive tissue destruction and obstruction of the air passages is called __

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

40
Q

people with copd have __, __, and __

A

emphysema; chronic bronchitits; bronchiectasis

41
Q

copd can result in __ due to severe hypoxia and/or hypercapnia

A

respiratory failure

42
Q

copd can reuslt in __ (right side congestive heart failure due to lung disease)

A

cor pulmonale

43
Q

__ is an increase compliance to air flow bc of chronic or recurring expiratory obstruction

A

emphysema

44
Q

in emphysema, there is a __ of alveoli wall (decreases surface area), loss of __ (decreased gas exchange), and loss of __ (easy to get air in, but not out)

A

breakdown; pulmonary capillaries; elastic fibers

45
Q

__ increases neutrophil numbers which stimulates the release of __ that damages the alveoli by breaking down the elastic tissue

A

smoking; elastase

46
Q

dyspnea
hyperventilation
anorexia
clubbed fingers with secondary polycythemia

are all __ of emphysema

A

s/s

47
Q

__ obstruction of small airways and inflammation of the bronchi

A

chronic bronchitis

48
Q

chronic bronchitis is __ and progressive

A

irreversible

49
Q

__ has inflammation and obstruction, repeated infection, chronic coughing, and increased number of mucous cells

A

chronic bronchitis

50
Q

constant productive cough
sob
thick and purulent mucous secretion
cough in the morning
airway obstruction

are all __ of chronic bronchitis

A

s/s

51
Q

__ is an autosomal recessive disorder that has a defective chloride channel and there is less na and water in the respiratory mucus

A

cystic fibrosis

52
Q

thick mucus of __ obstructs airways and pancreatic and biliary ducts

A

cystic fibrosis

pathophysiology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions