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Med Terms > Chapter 31 Med Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 31 Med Terms Flashcards

1
Q

A resistance of the body to infection in which the host receives natural or artificial antibodies produced by another source.

A

Acquired Immunity

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2
Q

A resistance of the body to infection in which the host produces its own antibodies in response to natural or artificial antigens.

A

Active Immunity

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3
Q

Those that generally appear suddenly or last a short time.

A

Acute Infection

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4
Q

Used for clients known to have or suspected of having serious illnesses transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei smaller than 5 microns.

A

Airborne Precautions

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5
Q

Part of the body’s plasma proteins, that defend primarily against the extracellular phases of bacterial and viral infection; also called immunoglobulins.

A

Antibodies

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6
Q

A substance capable of inducing the formation of antibodies.

A

Antigens

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7
Q

An agent that inhibits the growth of some microorganisms.

A

Antiseptics

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8
Q

Freedom from infection or infectious material

A

Asepsis

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9
Q

An antigen that originates in a person’s own body.

A

Autoantigen

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10
Q

Bacteria in the blood.

A

Bacteremia

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11
Q

The most common infection causing microorganisms.

A

Bacteria

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12
Q

Potentially infectious organisms that are carried in and transmitted through blood or materials containing blood.

A

Blood Borne Pathogens

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13
Q

A person or animal that harbors a specific infectious agent and serves as a potential source of infection, yet does not manifest any clinical signs of disease.

A

Carrier

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14
Q

Same as cellular immunity.

A

Cell-Mediated Defenses

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15
Q

Occurs through the T-cell system; also known as Cell- Mediated Defenses.

A

Cellular Immunity

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16
Q

Infection that occurs slowly, over a very long period and may last months or years.

A

Chronic Infections

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17
Q

Same as Humoral Immunity

A

Circulating Immunity

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18
Q

Free of potentially infectious agents.

A

Clean

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19
Q

The presence of organisms in body secretions or excretions in which strains of bacteria become resident flora but do not cause illness.

A

Colonization

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20
Q

A disease that can spread from one person to another.

A

Communicable Disease

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21
Q

Any person at increased risk for an infection.

A

Compromised Host

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22
Q

Used for clients known or suspected to have serious illnesses easily transmitted by direct client contact or by contact with items in the client’s environment (GI, respiratory, skin or wound infections, etc.)

A

Contact Precautions

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23
Q

Laboratory cultivations of microorganisms in special growth medium.

A

Cultures

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24
Q

Denotes the likely presence of microorganisms, some of which may be capable of causing infection.

A

Dirty

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25
Q

An alteration in body function resulting in a reduction of capacities or shortening of the normal life span.

A

Disease

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26
Q

Agent that destroys microorganisms other than spores.

A

Disinfectants

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27
Q

Residue of evaporated droplets emitted by an infected host, such as someone with tuberculosis, that can remain in the air for long periods of time.

A

Droplet Nuclei

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28
Q

Used for clients known or suspected to have serious illnesses transmitted by particle droplets larger than 5 microns (diphtheria, mycoplasma, pneumonia).

A

Droplet Precautions

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29
Q

Developing from within.

A

Endogenous

30
Q

Developing from outside sources.

A

Exogenous

31
Q

Purulent drainage.

A

Exudate

32
Q

Infection-causing microorganisms that include yeasts and molds.

A

Fungi

33
Q

Young connective tissue with new capillaries formed in the wound healing process.

A

Granulation Tissue

34
Q

Nosocomial infections that originate in any health care setting.

A

Health Care-Associated Infection

35
Q

Antibody-mediated defense; resides ultimately in the B lymphocytes and is mediated by the antibodies produced by B cells.

A

Humoral Immunity

36
Q

Infections that are the direct result of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

A

Iatrogenic Infections

37
Q

Same as Specific Defenses.

A

Immune Defenses

38
Q

A specific resistance of the body to infection; it may be natural, or resistance may develop after exposure to a disease agent.

A

Immunity

39
Q

Same as Antibodies.

A

Immunoglobulins

40
Q

The disease process produced by microorganisms.

A

Infection

41
Q

Local and nonspecific defensive tissue response to injury or destruction of cells.

A

Inflammation

42
Q

Practices that prevent the spread of infection and communicable diseases.

A

Isolation

43
Q

White blood cells.

A

Leukocytes

44
Q

An increase in the number of white blood cells.

A

Leukocytosis

45
Q

An infection that is limited to the specific part of the body where the microorganisms remain.

A

Local Infection

46
Q

All practices intended to confine a specific microorganism to a specific area, limiting the number, growth, and spread of microorganisms.

A

Medical Asepsis

47
Q

Bodily defenses that protect a person against all microorganisms, regardless of prior exposure.

A

Nonspecific Defenses

48
Q

Infections that originate in a hospital.

A

Nosocomial Infections

49
Q

Skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that may result from the performance of an employee’s duties.

A

Occupational Exposure

50
Q

A microorganism causing disease only in susceptible individual.

A

Opportunistic Pathogen

51
Q

Microorganisms that live in or on another from which it obtains nourishment.

A

Parasites

52
Q

A resistance of the body to infection in which the host receives natural or artificial antibodies produced by another source.

A

Passive Immunity

53
Q

The ability to produce disease; a pathogen is a microorganism that causes disease.

A

Pathogenicity

54
Q

Barriers such as gloves, mask, and gown used to protect individuals from contact with potentially infective materials.

A

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

55
Q

Renewal, regrowth, the replacement of destroyed tissue cells by cells that are identical or similar in structure and function.

A

Regeneration

56
Q

A source of microorganisms.

A

Reservoirs

57
Q

Microorganisms that normally reside on the skin and mucous membranes, and inside the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.

A

Resident Flora

58
Q

The acts of covering the mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing, proper disposal of tissues, and separating potentially infected individuals from others by at least 1 meter or having them wear a surgical mask.

A

Respiratory Hygiene/ Cough Etiquette

59
Q

The presence of pathogenic organisms or their toxins in the blood or body tissues.

A

Sepsis

60
Q

Occurs when bacteremia results in systemic infection.

A

Septicemia

61
Q

Immune functions directed against identifiable bacteria viruses, fungi, or other infectious agents; also called Immune Defenses.

A

Specific Defenses

62
Q

The risk of caregiver exposure to client body tissues and fluids rather that the suspected presence of absence or infectious organisms determines the use of clean gloves, gowns, masks, and eye protection.

A

Standard Precautions (SP)

63
Q

A microorganism- free area.

A

Sterile Field

64
Q

Practices that keep an area or object free of all microorganisms; also called surgical asepsis.

A

Sterile Technique

65
Q

A process that destroyed all microorganisms, including spores and viruses.

A

Sterilization

66
Q

Practices that keep an area or object free of all microorganisms; also called sterile technique.

A

Surgical Asepsis

67
Q

Occurs when pathogens spread and damage different parts of the body.

A

Systemic Infection

68
Q

Techniques to be used with all clients to decrease the risk of transmitting unidentified pathogens.

A

Universal Precautions (UP)

69
Q

Transport of an infectious agent from an animal or flying or crawling insect that serves as an intermediate means via biting or depositing feces or other materials on the skin.

A

Vector-Borne Transmission

70
Q

Transport of an infectious agent into a susceptible host via any intermediate substance.

A

Vehicle-Borne Transmission

71
Q

Ability to produce disease.

A

Virulence

72
Q

Nucleic acid-based infectious agents.

A

Viruses

Med Terms (20 decks)

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