Chapter 32

Question 1

When Bill Clinton assumed the presidency in 1993, he

enjoyed a powerful mandate from the American voters.

faced an adversarial Republican majority in Congress.

brought a highly ambitious domestic political agenda.

had few perceived political weaknesses.

benefited from strong and resilient Democratic majorities in Congress.

Answer 1

brought a highly ambitious domestic political agenda

Question 2

After a difficult battle, Clinton won approval of the North American Free Trade Agreement (or NAFTA), which eliminated most trade barriers among

the United States and Mexico.

the United States and most of the countries of Western Europe.

the United States and Canada.

the United States and the Latin American Countries of South America.

the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

Answer 2

the United States, Canada, and Mexico

Question 3

In his first year as president, Bill Clinton secured from Congress all of the following EXCEPT

a significant reduction in many areas of government spending.

an international free-trade agreement.

a national health reform plan.

a large tax increase on the wealthy.

an expansion of tax credits to low-income working people.

Answer 3

a national health reform plan

Question 4

A pressing foreign policy issue of the first years of the Clinton administration concerned a civil war in

Bosnia.

Taiwan.

Egypt.

Panama.

the Ukraine.

Answer 4

Bosnia

Question 5

As a result of the 1994 elections,

President Clinton moved toward the political left.

Republicans won majorities in both houses of Congress.

President Clinton proposed a national health care plan.

Republicans in Congress moved toward the political center.

President Clinton reaffirmed his commitment to big government.

Answer 5

Republicans won majorities in both houses of Congress

Question 6

In 1995, the Clinton administration and Congress

could not agree on whether or not to cut taxes.

had a smooth political relationship.

were both moving to the political left.

both favored reductions in federal spending.

passed a dramatic welfare reform bill.

Answer 6

both favored reductions in federal spending

Question 7

In late 1995 and early 1996, the public largely blamed a budget impasse that shut down the federal government on

congressional Republicans.

congressional Democrats.

President Bill Clinton.

First Lady Hillary Clinton.

both Democrats and Republicans equally.

Answer 7

congressional Republicans

Question 8

In 1996, significant reform legislation was passed by Congress concerning

primary school education.

rising health care costs.

occupational health care.

the criminal appeals process.

welfare programs.

Answer 8

welfare programs

Question 9

The 1996 presidential election saw

Bob Dole appear to take a commanding lead in the early public opinion polls.

President Bill Clinton shift to the political left to gain support among his party.

President Clinton find his greatest campaign strength in a strong economy.

Ross Perot nearly double the number of votes he received in 1992.

President Clinton’s campaign gain momentum in the final weeks.

Answer 9

President Clinton find his greatest campaign strength in a strong economy

Question 10

In the 1996 election,

the Reform Party emerged as a powerful third political party.

President Bill Clinton failed to receive 50 percent of the popular vote.

Democrats regained control of the House but not the Senate.

Bob Dole placed third in the race.

President Clinton barely eked out a victory in the electoral vote.

Answer 10

President Bill Clinton failed to receive 50 percent of the popular vote

Question 11

Bill Clinton was the first Democrat to win two terms as president since

Lyndon Johnson.

Harry Truman.

Woodrow Wilson.

Grover Cleveland.

Franklin Roosevelt.

Answer 11

Franklin Roosevelt

Question 12

In 1998, the federal budget

set a record for deficit spending.

was one-third smaller than it had been six years earlier.

saw its first surplus in thirty years.

had paid off the national debt.

had cut military spending in half from its Cold War peak.

Answer 12

saw its first surplus in thirty years

Question 13

Regarding scandals surrounding President Bill Clinton,

charges of impropriety had existed throughout his term in office.

Clinton admitted to corruption during his first weeks in office.

the Lewinsky affair marked the first in a series of scandals to plague the president.

the public seemed ready to condemn Clinton based on his previous reputation when allegations of sexual impropriety were leveled against him.

few charges of impropriety were leveled at the president until his 1996 reelection.

Answer 13

charges of impropriety had existed throughout his terms in office

Question 14

In 1998, following charges that President Bill Clinton had a sexual relationship with a White House intern, his public approval rating

immediately dropped to historic lows.

gradually dropped more precipitously as details emerged.

remained largely unchanged.

rose slightly and then dropped sharply.

rose to record levels and remained high throughout the year that followed.

Answer 14

rose to record levels and remained high throughout the year that followed

Question 15

On December 19, 1998, the House voted to impeach President Clinton for

lying to a grand jury.

obstructing justice.

engaging in an illicit affair.

corrupting America’s youth.

lying to a grand jury and obstructing justice.

Answer 15

lying to a grand jury and obstructing justice

Question 16

Which of the following is true of the 1999 conflict in Kosovo?

Most of the United States’ western European allies opposed any intervention in the conflict.

The Serbian leader agreed to a cease-fire after little more than a week of bombing.

The U.S. committed more ground troops to the conflict than it did for the first Iraq War.

President Clinton showed little interest in working through international bodies like NATO or the UN to deal with the conflict.

The U.S. bombed the separatist groups in Kosovo to try to force them to reunite with Serbia.

Answer 16

The Serbian leader agreed to a cease-fire after little more than a week of bombing

Question 17

In 1999, nearing the end of his presidency, Bill Clinton

had endured many scandals and setbacks throughout his administration.

saw his personal popularity higher than when he took office.

faced another crisis in the Balkans.

both saw his personal popularity higher than when he took office, and faced another crisis in the Balkans.

All these answers are correct.

Answer 17

All these answers are correct

Question 18

The 2000 election campaign was characterized in part by the

extreme policy positions taken by the major party candidates.

opinion polls that indicated the election would be very close.

difficulty George W. Bush had in gaining the Republican nomination.

presence of a strong third political party.

failed Senate bid by former First Lady Hillary Clinton.

Answer 18

opinion polls that indicated the election would be very close

Question 19

On the day of the 2000 election,

George W. Bush won the electoral college.

Ralph Nader urged his supporters to vote for Al Gore.

Al Gore won popular vote.

Pat Buchanan gave up his votes to George W. Bush.

All these answers are correct.

Answer 19

Al Gore won popular vote

Question 20

The 2000 election results were decided

after a national recount showed that George W. Bush had won a narrow victory.

when Al Gore dropped his efforts to have further recounts in Florida.

after the Republican secretary of state of Florida certified Bush as the winner.

when the Supreme Court ended all efforts to recount the votes in Florida.

after the House of Representatives voted to choose George W. Bush as the winner.

Answer 20

after the Republican secretary of state of Florida certified Bush as the winner

Question 21

In its first year in office, the Bush administration

worked hard to build coalitions across party lines.

passed the largest tax cut in American history.

liberalized scientific restrictions on stem-cell research.

reduced federal budget deficits considerably.

primarily relied on Republican moderates for support.

Answer 21

passed the largest tax cut in American history

Question 22

During the 1980s and 1990s, American corporations sought to become more competitive by reducing

labor costs.

investments in technology.

Mergers.

both labor costs and mergers.

None of these answers is correct.

Answer 22

labor costs

Question 23

Between 1980 and 2000, the United States’ economy saw

its gross national product (GNP) nearly double.

its rate of inflation average 4 percent per year.

the Dow Jones Industrial Average almost quintuple.

all of these occur: its gross national product (GNP) nearly double, its rate of inflation average 4 percent per year, and the Dow Jones Industrial Average almost quintuple.

None of these answers is correct.

Answer 23

None of these answers is correct

Question 24

Between 1994 and 2000, economic growth in the United States

was at times very substantial.

experienced its longest continual peacetime rise in the nation’s history.

recorded growth in every quarter of every year.

both was at times very substantial, and recorded growth in every quarter of every year.

All these answers are correct.

Answer 24

All these answers are correct

Question 25

In the U.S. economy, the year 1971 marked the first postwar ## Footnote federal deficit. trade imbalance. balanced budget. export surplus. agricultural surplus.

Answer 25

trade imbalance

Question 26

How did the poverty level change in the U.S. from the end of the 1970s to 2013? ## Footnote It remained at a constant 20 percent, which it had since World War II. It continued to drop, as it had since World War II. It rose from about 12 percent of the population to 15 percent. It nearly doubled, from 10 percent to 20 percent. It fluctuated wildly based on economic strength, constantly rising and falling during that period.

Answer 26

It rose from about 12 percent of the population to 15 percent

Question 27

The great prosperity of the 1950s and 1960s in the U.S. had rested on ## Footnote insulation of the United States from the pressures of international competition. the rapid growth of industrial labor organization. industrial production for military needs. the tight money policy of the federal reserve. the growth of the agricultural sector due to technological advancements.

Answer 27

insulation of the United States from the pressures of international competition

Question 28

The microprocessor was first introduced in 1971 by ## Footnote Intel. IBM. Apple. Compaq. Microsoft.

Answer 28

Intel

Question 29

The first personal computer to be widely available to the public was introduced in 1977 by ## Footnote Intel. IBM. Apple. Compaq. Microsoft.

Answer 29

Apple

Question 30

Regarding the development of the personal computer, ## Footnote Macintosh software was developed years before DOS software. initially DOS and Macintosh software were quite similar. Macintosh dominated the market for personal computers in the late 1980s. IBM hired Microsoft in the late 1970s to design an operating system for its computers. as PCs came to dominate the computer market, IBM was the principal beneficiary.

Answer 30

IBM hired Microsoft in the late 1970s to design an operating system for its computers

Question 31

The Internet grew out of ## Footnote a federal government program called ARPA. experimental work by Apple computers. the Microsoft operating system. attempts by private entrepreneurs to communicate with computer users overseas. All these answers are correct.

Answer 31

a federal government program called ARPA

Question 32

By 2013, well over ________ computers were in use around the world. ## Footnote 250 million 500 million 700 million 1 billion 2 billion

Answer 32

2 billion

Question 33

The World Wide Web, which helped establish an orderly system for both the distribution and retrieval of electronic information on the Internet, was introduced by British scientist ## Footnote Francis Crick. J. C. R. Licklider. Bill Gates. Colin MacLeod. Tim Berners-Lee.

Answer 33

Tim Berners-Lee

Question 34

All of the following persons are directly associated with the discovery of DNA and its properties EXCEPT ## Footnote Oswald Avery. Gregor Mendel. Colin MacLeod. Maclyn McCarty. Francis Crick.

Answer 34

Gregor Mendel

Question 35

The Human Genome Project ## Footnote originally hoped to identify all the specific genes in humans by 2015. was opposed by the Bush administration on ethical grounds. was created during the Clinton administration. had identified 3 billion genes by 2013. was funded solely by private sources.

Answer 35

had identified 3 billion genes by 2013

Question 36

Which of the following is true of DNA? ## Footnote The structure of DNA is unique in every individual. DNA can be used to identify individuals through their blood, semen, skin, or hair. DNA can be used in criminal investigations. DNA can both be used to identify individuals through their blood, semen, skin, or hair; and can be used in criminal investigations. All these answers are correct.

Answer 36

All these answers are correct

Question 37

In the first decade of the twenty-first century, ## Footnote half of all African Americans were members of the middle class. African Americans constituted three percent of the nation's college population. there was little-to-no economic disparity between black and white professionals. half of all African Americans lived in poverty as members of the "underclass." the percentage of black high school graduates going to college still lagged significantly behind that of white high school graduates.

Answer 37

half of all African Americans were members of the middle class

Question 38

Which of the following was true of poor inner-city African Americans in the first decade of the twenty-first century? ## Footnote In 2006, less than half of inner-city blacks completed high school. 60 percent of young, inner-city blacks were unemployed in 2006. In 2010, only 35 percent of black children lived with both their parents. The number of black children living with both their parents had been steadily declining since before the 1970s. All these answers are correct.

Answer 38

All these answers are correct

Question 39

In the late 1980s, drug use began to decline significantly among ## Footnote middle-class Americans. poor inner-city Americans. rural Americans. southern Americans. white Americans.

Answer 39

middle-class Americans

Question 40

In the late 1980s, the spread of AIDS in the United States ## Footnote remained largely confined to gay communities in large cities. was concentrated in the Northeast. was transmitted almost exclusively through sexual contact. began to level off and then decline. occurred most rapidly among heterosexuals.

Answer 40

occured most rapidly among heterosexuals

Question 41

In the 1990s, medical treatment for AIDS in the United States ## Footnote failed to significantly improve the health of most patients. was unavailable for many poor victims. had made few advances since the mid-1980s. led researchers to claim they had found a cure. completely eradicated the virus in infected patients.

Answer 41

was unavailable for many poor victims

Question 42

In the 1980s and 1990s, the most divisive cultural issue in the United States was ## Footnote Abortion. racial relations. prayer in schools. gun control. gay marriage.

Answer 42

Abortion

Question 43

In 2001, regarding an international treaty signed in Kyoto, Japan, to reduce emissions in the atmosphere, President George W. Bush ## Footnote wanted stronger controls on greenhouse emissions than the treaty provided for. refused to participate in the agreement. sent the treaty to Congress but was defeated by Republican opposition. reluctantly agreed to abide by the treaty. wholeheartedly endorsed the treaty.

Answer 43

refused to participate in the agreement

Question 44

In the 1990s and 2000s, opponents of globalization on the left charged the nation was ## Footnote using its military to advance its economic interests. allowing itself to be swayed by the interests of other nations. ceding too much power to international organizations. wrongly getting involved in places like Somalia and the Balkans. All these answers are correct.

Answer 44

using its military to advance its economic interests

Question 45

The most impassioned opposition to globalization in the West ## Footnote favored free-trade agreements. claimed it was an economic threat. argued it was turning American workers into poorly-paid "slave laborers." asserted it weakened the profitability of large corporations. argued it gave too much freedom to individuals and communities abroad.

Answer 45

claimed it was an economic threat

Question 46

Since the 1970s, the primary goal of Islamic fundamentalists in the world has been to ## Footnote modernize their economies. reduce the levels of poverty within their societies. encourage international funding and development in their home nations. improve the political status of women. defend their traditional cultures from the West.

Answer 46

defend their traditional cultures from the West

Question 47

The term "terrorism" was first used in ## Footnote Palestine during the 1940s. Germany in the 1870s. Ireland in the 1960s. France in the 1790s. America in the 1860s.

Answer 47

France in the 1790s

Question 48

Before the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the United States had never experienced ## Footnote terrorism within its borders. terrorism anywhere. terrorism enacted by Islamic fundamentalists. any of these: terrorism caused by Islamic fundamentalists, or terrorism within its borders or anywhere. None of these answers is correct.

Answer 48

None of these answers is correct

Question 49

In April 1995, former Marine Timothy McVeigh, who had become part of a militant antigovernment movement, killed 168 people when he blew up a van in front of a federal building in ## Footnote Chicago. Topeka. Charlotte. Oklahoma City. New Orleans.

Answer 49

Oklahoma City

Question 50

In 2001, convinced that it harbored Al Qaeda terrorists, the United States attacked ## Footnote Syria. Iraq. Afghanistan. Libya. Iran.

Answer 50

Afghanistan

Question 51

In 2002, President George W. Bush described an "axis of evil" made up of Iraq, Iran, and ## Footnote Syria. Libya. North Korea. Lebanon. Somalia.

Answer 51

North Korea

Question 52

All of the following are true of the Iraq War EXCEPT that ## Footnote George W. Bush declared victory in the Iraq war in May 2003. Saddam Hussein was captured in December 2003. as many as 3,600 American soldiers died in Iraq after Bush's "mission accomplished" speech. support for the war steadily declined in the years after the first claim of victory. Iraq's rumored supply of "weapons of mass destruction" was uncovered by American troops in 2005.

Answer 52

Iraq's rumored supply of "weapons of mass destruction" was uncovered by American troops in 2005

Question 53

Other than tax cuts, one of President George W. Bush's most significant domestic accomplishments was the ## Footnote Iraq War. appointment of a more conservative Supreme Court. rejection of the Kyoto Protocol. passage of the "No Child Left Behind" Act. banning of stem-cell research.

Answer 53

passage of the "No Child Left Behind" Act

Question 54

Which presidential administration(s) supported and won congressional support for the Troubled Asset Relief Program? ## Footnote Obama Bush Bush and Obama Clinton and Bush All these answers are correct.

Answer 54

Bush and Obama

Question 55

President Obama's main policy initiative to shore up the faltering economy was ## Footnote a massive drop in interest rates. a sweeping program of deregulation. huge tax cuts. a massive stimulus package. an increase in the minimum wage.

Answer 55

a massive stimulus package

Question 56

Which of the following was among the failures of President Obama's first two years in office that led to disappointment among many Democrats? ## Footnote failure to close the prison at Guantanamo failure to pass a significant financial reform bill failure to pass a health-care reform bill failure to cooperate with Republican leaders All these answers are correct.

Answer 56

failure to close the prison at Guantanamo